The Locomotor Behaviour of Human Blood Monocytes in Chemotactic and Chemokinetic Environments and the Role of Substratum in Monocyte Locomotion

Wilkinson, P. C.; Allan, R.B.; Alblas, A. Blussé van Oud

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8793-7_18

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The motility previously attributed to milk mononuclear cells was based on visual observations during incubation on glass slides (2) in which cell spreading may have been equated with locomotion. In fact, spreading of blood monocytes is accompanied by a loss of locomotion (27). In another study, the large colostral cells were described as displaying "very occasional, extremely sluggish movement" (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human Milk Cell Migration and Production of Monocyte Chemotactic Factor: Lack of Activity

Hawes

Jones

1985

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. The lymphocytes of human breast milk have been previously shown to be immunologically competent while the monocytes have been described as actively motile in some reports but not in another. Cells were separated from milk samples collected by lactating women 2 to 9 days postpartum. Milk cell migration and production of the lymphokine, monocyte chemotactic factor, by milk cells were assayed using membrane filters. Milk cells were poorly motile although prior culturing improved their migratory ability. Cell-free milk was chemotactic for blood monocytes. Chemotactic factor production was detected in only two of 16 phytohemagglutinin-stimulated milk cell cultures. (Pediatr Res 19: 996-999,1985) Abbreviations PHA, phytohemagglutinin HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution MCF, monocyte chemotactic factor Human milk contains a large number of immunologically active components (I). Soluble factors include secretory component, immunoglobulins, and complement. Cells identified in colostrum and milk are predominantly mononuclear phagocytes with small proportions of lymphocytes and neutrophils. Functional studies of these cells were first described by Smith and Goldman (2). They found that the mononuclear phagocytes, comprising about 80% of the milk leucocytes, ranged in size up to 30 pm diameter, with a prominent nucleolus and cytoplasm containing many fat globules. They adhered to and spread on glass, extending a cytoplasmic veil, and were described as exhibiting ameboid movements. Adherence and spreading on glass (4), who also studied capillary tube migration, it has been assumed that milk mononuclear phagocytes are actively motile. Pitt (6), however, found that they were not motile in capillary tubes or under agarose. Milk cells are actively phagocytic and microbicidal (2-4, 7, 8). Milk mononuclear cells react with the commercially available monoclonal antibodies OKMI and OKIa and present antigens to T-cell blasts (9).The lymphocytes, which comprise between 5 and 35% of the total milk cells (10-13) also exhibit in vitro activity. They proliferate in response to stimulation by PHA, antigens, and allogeneic cells (2, 10, 1 1, 14-16) and produce the lymphokines, migration inhibition factor (4), interferon (17-19), and MCF (19). It has been postulated that these cellular activities are of benefit to the breast-fed neonate. Thus, the described transmission of Received September 24, 1984; accepted May 16, 1985. Reprint requests Dr. C. S. Hawes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042. cellular immunity to purified protein derivative via breast milk may possibly be mediated by lymphokine transfer (20, 2 1).In view of the contrasting findings regarding milk cell motility and the indication that lymphokine is produced by milk cells, we decided to investigate milk cell migration and production of monocyte chemotactic factor using Millipore membrane filters to assay migration. METHODSSamples of breast milk were collected from healthy lactating women 2-9 days ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Human Milk Cell Migration and Production of Monocyte Chemotactic Factor: Lack of Activity

Hawes

Jones

1985

Pediatr Res

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“…Lymphocytes can, however, be induced to adhere and to move, although poorly, if the substratum is coated with a ligand . For example, Fc-positive lymphocytes adhere and translocate on surface-bound antigen-antibody complexes (2), and phytohemagglutinin can be used to induce adhesion in the same way (26) . A distinctive morphological feature of moving lymphocytes observed by workers cited above was the constriction ring, which remained fixed with respect to the environment as the cell moved through it .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocyte locomotion and attachment on two-dimensional surfaces and in three-dimensional matrices

Haston¹,

Shields²,

Wilkinson³

1982

The Journal of Cell Biology

140

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The adhesion and locomotion of mouse peripheral lymph node lymphocytes on 2-D protein-coated substrata and in 3-D matrices were compared . Lymphocytes did not adhere to, or migrate on, 2-D substrata such as serum-or fibronectin-coated glass. They did attach to and migrate in hydrated 3-D collagen lattices . When the Collagen was dehydrated to form a 2-D surface, lymphocyte attachment to it was reduced . We propose that lymphocytes, which are poorly adhesive, are able to attach to and migrate in 3-D matrices by a nonadhesive mechanism such as the extension and expansion of pseudopodia through gaps in the matrix, which could provide purchase for movement in the absence of discrete intermolecular adhesions. This was supported by studies using serum-coated micropore filters, since lymphocytes attached to and migrated into filters with pore sizes large enough (3 or 8 ,um) to allow pseudopod penetration but did not attach to filters made of an identical material (cellulose esters) but of narrow pore size (0 .22 or 0.45 Am) . Cinematographic studies of lymphocyte locomotion in collagen gels were also consistent with the above hypothesis, since lymphocytes showed a more variable morphology than is typically seen on plane surfaces, with formation of many small pseudopodia expanded to give a marked constriction between the cell and the pseudopod . These extensions often remained fixed with respect to the environment as the lymphocyte moved away from or past them . This suggests that the pseudopodia were inserted into gaps in the gel matrix and acted as anchorage points for locomotion .Though lymphocytes are motile, they adhere and move poorly on protein-coated glass or plastic under conditions in which fibroblasts, macrophages, and neutrophils adhere and move well . In consequence, generalizations about cell locomotion obtained from studies of the latter cells do not fit the more puzzling locomotor behavior of lymphocytes, a knowledge of which would help us to understand how lymphocytes recirculate, cooperate with each other and with other cell types, and infiltrate and migrate through extravascular sites .Cells moving on 2-D surfaces must make close enough contact with the substratum to provide traction for locomotion . In fibroblasts, it has been postulated that locomotion takes place because the cells form areas of contact named focal adhesions (1) where there is cross-bridging of the space between cell and substratum with an intermediate protein, fibronectin (27), which allows traction to be generated . Focal adhesions are not seen in faster-moving cells such as neutrophil leukocytes, but these cells do form rapidly shifting areas of close contact while moving on protein-coated substrata (3) .

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“…The migration of monocytes within cervical mucus gels was similar to their migration in other threedimensional environments [12,23]. The cells crawled through the mucin fiber network in a random walk pattern.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…While only 70% of the CD45+ cells placed in the mucus were monocytes, it has been previously established that freshly purified lymphocytes show little or no migratory capacity. In collagen gel assays, less than 6% of lymphocytes migrated within the first 3 days and those that did moved less than 100 mm in 6 h [23,24]. All studies here were conducted within 12 h of cell enrichment and therefore it is not likely that the presence of lymphocytes contributed to the motile populations studied.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of synthetic polymers on the migration of monocytes through human cervical mucus

Willits

Saltzman

2004

Biomaterials

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The Locomotor Behaviour of Human Blood Monocytes in Chemotactic and Chemokinetic Environments and the Role of Substratum in Monocyte Locomotion

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Human Milk Cell Migration and Production of Monocyte Chemotactic Factor: Lack of Activity

Human Milk Cell Migration and Production of Monocyte Chemotactic Factor: Lack of Activity

Lymphocyte locomotion and attachment on two-dimensional surfaces and in three-dimensional matrices

The effect of synthetic polymers on the migration of monocytes through human cervical mucus

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