The Locomotor Behavior of Lygodium and Marsilea Sperm

Bilderback, D. E.; Jahn, Theodore L.; Fonseca, James R.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1974.tb12314.x

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus, a narrow, tapering tip extends from the axoneme cylinder to the terminus of the flagellum ( Figure 1B). Flagellar beating has been examined in pteridophytes, and it involves the propagation of a three-dimensional helical wave from the base toward the tip of the rearwardly directed flagellum (Bilderback et al, 1973(Bilderback et al, , 1974. The successive beating of adjacent flagella produces a ripple pattern on the surface of the cell that is known as a metachronal wave (Bray, 1992).…”

Section: Flagellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Motile Gametes of Land Plants: Diversity, Development, and Evolution

Renzaglia

Garbary

2001

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

126

107

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Section: Flagellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Motile Gametes of Land Plants: Diversity, Development, and Evolution

Renzaglia

Garbary

2001

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

126

107

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“…Various ultrastructural studies have focused on sperm cell structure and how it relates to swimming behavior (Bilderback et al 1973(Bilderback et al , 1974Gori et al 1997;Muccifora et al 2000;Sakaushi et al 2003). Although it has been speculated that sperm cell structure is directly involved with insemination and fertilization, no studies have addressed the specific role of gamete architecture in these fundamental biological processes (Bell and Duckett 1976;Renzaglia and Garbary 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm cell architecture, insemination, and fertilization in the model fern, Ceratopteris richardii

Lopez-Smith

Renzaglia

2008

Sex Plant Reprod

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Motile sperm cells of land plants are released directly into the environment and encounter numerous constraints on their way to the egg. Sperm cell organization, shape, size, and plasticity are crucial to the processes associated with fertilization. We conducted an ultrastructural investigation to detail insemination (sperm release, swimming and movement within the archegonium) and fertilization in the model fern Ceratopteris richardii. Gametophytes were grown from spores using sterile culture techniques and flooded in water when sexually mature. Materials were examined at different stages post-flooding. During insemination in C. richardii, the sperm cytoskeleton and flagella rearrange, and the coils of the cell extend while entering the neck canal. In this nearly linear configuration, the dense ridge, a densely compacted band of filaments presumed to be actin, expands to surround the leading edge of the sperm cell. This ridge fuses with the receptive site on the female gamete and is the sperm component that initiates contact with the egg nuclear envelope. All cellular components, except plastids, enter the egg cytoplasm. Sperm mitochondria are distinguishable from those of the egg because they are encased by two or three additional membranes and are sequestered from the zygote cytoplasm. During karyogamy, the sperm components, including the microtubule cytoskeleton (spline) and flagella, maintain their spatial integrity. Microtubules play key roles not only in sperm cell structure but also in facilitating karyogamy in this fern. After karyogamy is completed, microtubule arrays of the sperm cell and the components of the locomotory apparatus are disassembled. We provide the first demonstration of the likely involvement of sperm actin in egg penetration in land plants and new insights into the fate of paternal organelles. This study points to the roles sperm cell structure and dynamics play in the intricate processes of insemination and fertilization in land plants.

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“…Although Bilderback et al (1974) described that anterior orientation of the flagella indicates approaching death in sperm of L. japonicum, oblique-anteriorly directed flagella (GII) are commonly observed in vigorously swimming sperm, and the same is confirmed even when the sperm has just been released from the antheridium. Anteriorly directed flagella of swimming sperm of L. circinatum are also shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Bilderback et al (1973Bilderback et al ( , 1974 described that sperm of pteridophytes swim with a continuous helical wave of flagella, and change direction by reverse gyration of flagella. This implies that those sperm do not show flagellar beat during swimming even if changing direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three distinct swimming modes, rotation, swing, and forward-movement trailing spiral course have been reported in sperm of a liverwort Riccardia pinguis (Showalter 1926), several pteridophyte genera (Yuasa 1933b(Yuasa , 1933cBilderback et al 1973Bilderback et al , 1974, cycads (Norstog 1975) and Ginkgo biloba (Ridge et al 1997). The swimming of these sperm cells is quite different from the swimming mode of the well-known breaststroke in the forward and backward swimming in the Chlorophyta such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Ringo 1967;Hyams and Borisy 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Swimming behavior and ultrastructure of sperm of Lygodium japonicum (Pteridophyta)

Sakaushi

Okoshi

Miyamura

et al. 2003

Sexual Plant Reproduction

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Swimming behavior of the sperm of Lygodium japonicum (Pteridophyta) and the associated ultrastructure of the flagellar apparatus were studied by video microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sperm has approximately 70 flagella that emerge from a sinistrallycoiled flagellar apparatus, and swims forward by ciliary beat of these flagella. Backward swimming was not observed even after sperm collided with obstacles. Video microscopy showed that the flagella of the swimming sperm are oriented laterally and oblique-anteriorly. TEM and SEM observations revealed that the basal bodies of these flagella are arranged in at least two rows and oriented in the same directions as observed by video microscopy. These basal bodies (flagella) are categorized into two types according to their orientation: group I (laterally directed) and group II (oblique-anteriorly directed). The directionality of the basal bodies appears to be fixed by electron-dense material around their base. The outer dynein arms of the flagellar axoneme are entirely absent. These morphological characteristics of basal bodies (flagella) may relate to the lack of backward swimming behavior of the sperm. Based on these results, the evolution of swimming behavior in the archegoniates is discussed in connection with lack of backward swimming in a distantly related green alga, Mesostigma viride, and the Streptophyta.

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The Locomotor Behavior of Lygodium and Marsilea Sperm

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Motile Gametes of Land Plants: Diversity, Development, and Evolution

Motile Gametes of Land Plants: Diversity, Development, and Evolution

Sperm cell architecture, insemination, and fertilization in the model fern, Ceratopteris richardii

Swimming behavior and ultrastructure of sperm of Lygodium japonicum (Pteridophyta)

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