The location of four human satellite DNAs on human chromosomes

Gosden, John R.; Mitchell, A. R.; Buckland, R.A.; Clayton, R.P.; Evans, H. J.

doi:10.1159/000130376

Cited by 37 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Sequence-specific induction of DNA lesions by MMC is related to a particular order of repeated CpG sequences (Teng et al, 1989;Borowy-Borowski et al, 1990) and is enhanced (two-to fourfold) when the cytosines of these MMC-susceptible sequences are 5-methylated (Johnson et al, 1995;Li et al, 2000;Li et al, 2001). Paracentromeric heterochromatic bands have been reported to contain GC-rich repeats and harbor highly methylated DNA (Miller et al, 1974;Gosden et al, 1975;Meneveri et al, 1993). In line with this, it has been shown recently that an antibody raised against 5-methylcytosine preferentially stained the juxtacentromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y (Koch and Strätling, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitomycin C-induced pairing of heterochromatin reflects initiation of DNA repair and chromatid exchange formation

Abdel-Halim

Natarajan

Mullenders

et al. 2005

Journal of Cell Science

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Chromatid interchanges induced by the DNA cross-linking agent mitomycin C (MMC) are over-represented in human chromosomes containing large heterochromatic regions. We found that nearly all exchange breakpoints of chromosome 9 are located within the paracentromeric heterochromatin and over 70% of exchanges involving chromosome 9 are between its homologues. We provide evidence that the required pairing of chromosome 9 heterochromatic regions occurs in G0/G1 and S-phase cells as a result of an active cellular process initiated upon MMC treatment. By contrast, no pairing was observed for a euchromatic paracentromeric region of the equal-sized chromosome 8. The MMC-induced pairing of chromosome 9 heterochromatin is observed in a subset of cells; its percentage closely mimics the frequency of homologous interchanges found at metaphase. Moreover, the absence of pairing in cells derived from XPF patients correlates with an altered spectrum of MMC-induced exchanges. Together, the data suggest that the heterochromatin-specific pairing following MMC treatment reflects the initiation of DNA cross-link repair and the formation of exchanges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitomycin C-induced pairing of heterochromatin reflects initiation of DNA repair and chromatid exchange formation

Abdel-Halim

Natarajan

Mullenders

et al. 2005

Journal of Cell Science

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“…These latter regions are sites known to hybridize with human satellite I11 (28). This satellite has a bouyant density of 1.696 (12), suggesting that it may have a slightly lower G-C content than bulk human DNA. Hence, simple base-pair specificity probably does not suffice to account for the action of echinomycin as a counterstain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between pairs of DNA‐binding dyes: Results and implications for chromosome analysis

et al. 1980

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A number of DNA-binding dyes, with spectral properties making them suitable as components of energy donor-acceptor pairs, are described. If such pairs are used to stain metaphase chromosomes, and if the energy acceptor (e.g., actinomycin D or methyl green) has a binding specificity opposite to the binding or fluorescence specificity of the donor (e.g,, 33258 Hoechst, quinacrine or chromomycin A3), contrast in donor fluorescence can be enhanced, leading to patterns selectively highlighting standard or reverse chromosome bands or particular polymorphic regions. Such results presumably reflect chromosomal regions enriched in 10-20 base pair clusters to which the donor binds and fluoresces but to which the acceptor cannot bind. For other pairs, involving counterstains such as netropsin or echinomycin, which are not suitable as energy acceptors, specific changes observed in polymorphic region fluorescence are most likely due to binding competition between dyes. Dye pairs producing contrast by either method can be used to differentiate between homologous chromosomes or to facilitate detection of specific chromosomal rearrangements. Preliminary data indicate that contrast enhancement generated in fixed metaphase chromosomes spread on microscopic slides can also be observed in suspensions of unfixed metaphase chromosomes, reinforcing the expectation that the methodology described will be of use in flow cytometry.Key terms: Energy transfer, fluorescence, binding competition, chromosome banding patterns, polymorphisms, rearrangements, flow cytometry.Staining metaphase chromosomes simultaneously with pairs of different dyes can lead t o new fluorescence patterns. In addition to the signals produced when the dyes are used independently, information can be generated by interactions between these dyes. For example, two dyes can compete for binding to certain chromosomal sites, which can thereby be stained differentially (15,41) Alternatively, indirect effects of one dye on another can be mediated via conformational changes induced in DNA (46). In addition, because of a coincidence between the range of separations possible between ' Supported by Grant GM21121 from the National Institutes of Health. S.A.L. is the recipient of a Research Career Development Award GM00122 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and E.S. is supported in part by a grant from the Whitaker Foundation.* Presented in part at Automated Cytology VII, Asilomar, California, November 25-30, 1979. dye molecules bound to DNA (20) and the effective distance over which dye electronic transition dipoles can interact (typically 5 50 A) (9, 42), the transfer of electronic excitation energy from one dye to another in doubly stained chromatin can be appreciable (14,16,17,36).We have recently shown that the enhanced contrast in metaphase chromosome staining produced by certain dye pairs is due largely to energy transfer, while that produced by other pairs, which fail to satisfy spectral overlap criteria, is due primarily to binding competition (37)....

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“…GosDEN et al 1975). Within the limits of this technique and with some differences in the results of different authors, it can be observed that the main sites of reassociation of these satellites are the C-bands of chromosomes 1, 9 andY and of the acrocentric chromosomes.…”

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confidence: 89%

On the Heterogeneity of Heterochromatin

Rocchi¹

1982

Caryologia

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The location of four human satellite DNAs on human chromosomes

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Mitomycin C-induced pairing of heterochromatin reflects initiation of DNA repair and chromatid exchange formation

Mitomycin C-induced pairing of heterochromatin reflects initiation of DNA repair and chromatid exchange formation

Interactions between pairs of DNA‐binding dyes: Results and implications for chromosome analysis

On the Heterogeneity of Heterochromatin

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