The location of European industry

Abstract

The authors would like to thank staff at the Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs for help and comments. In particular, Adriaan Dierx, Martin Hallet, Karel Havik and Fabienne Ilzkovitz have helped with data and provided specific comments that have substantially improved the final report. Danny Quah, Victor Norman, Jan Haaland and Diego Puga have commented extensively on earlier drafts of this report and helped us resolve a number of important issues. Gordon Hanson kindly provided us with US data. Finally, Sandra Bulli, Monica Baumgarten de Bolle and Beatriu Canto and Dhush Puwanarajah have provided invaluable research assistance.

Enlargement and the EU Periphery: Introduction

“…Schürmann and Talaat (2000, p. 61, Figure 4.14) plot this scenario, along with the TEN infrastructure programmes for EU incumbents, showing that some regions in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Eastern Germany and Portugal move ahead of Ireland, with Greece left even further behind. 3 This will have important consequences for particular industrial sectors, as analysed by Midelfart et al (2000).…”

Where do we go from here? Market access and regional development in Italy (1871–1911)

“…This type of formulation has been used in more recent works such as Midelfart et al (2000) on the European Union, Crafts (2005) on Britain , Schulze (2007) on Austria-Hungary (1870-1910, MartinezGalarraga (2012) on Spain (1856Spain ( -1929 and Klein and Crafts (2012) on the US . All these works use the total GDP of the regions weighted by distance.…”

Foreign Direct Investment and Institutional Co-Evolution in Ireland

“…Source: Barry (2004). Midelfart et al (2000) also devote some attention to services, though the data are more patchy in this area. They identify five major services sectors: Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services (FIRE); Wholesale and Retail; Restaurants and Hotels; Transport; and Communications.…”

“…Not all of these sectors would have found Ireland an equivalently suitable location however, given the country's geographic peripherality, which in economic terms is typically measured as "distance from purchasing power" (Schürmann and Talaat, 2000). Midelfart et al (2000) provide a way of identifying the sectors that are more amenable to location in peripheral regions. They isolate the 12 industries (out of a total of 36) that were most concentrated in the EU 'core' in the early 1970s (C) and the 12 industries that were most dispersed (D) across the entire EU at that time.…”