The Location of Cytokinins and Gibberellins in Wheat Seeds

Abstract

Wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Yorkstar and Sirius) were cut transversely into embryoless and embryo‐containing (embryonated) halves and the content of endogenous cytokinins and gibberellins in both halves determined before and after the seeds imbibed water for 12–15 h at 22°C in the light. Dry seeds contained little ethyl acetate‐extractable gibberellin activity as measured by bioassay but n‐butanol‐soluble cytokinins were detected mainly in the embryoless halves. Dry, embryonated half‐seeds contained water‐soluble gibberellins which could be extracted into acidic ethyl acetate after treatment of the aqueous extract with either alkaline phosphatase, β‐glucosidase or a crude pectolytic enzyme preparation. When half‐seeds were allowed to imbibe water for 12 h and then extracted, cytokinin activity was largely lost from the embryoless halves and completely from the embryonated halves and water‐soluble gibberellins were also lost from the embryonated halves. However, ethyl acetate‐soluble gibberellins were present in the latter suggesting that “bound’ gibberellins were released during imbibition. The hormones present in normal and naturally embryoless dry grains of cv. Yorkstar were also determined. Both gibberellin and cytokinin activity was higher in normal grains suggesting that the presence of an embryo is essential for synthesis or accumulation of these hormones in the grain during development.