Introductioǹ`On the horizon, then, at the further edge of the possible, it is a matter of producing the space of the human species ö the collective (generic) work of the species ö on the model of what used to be called`art'; indeed, it is still so called, but art no longer has any meaning at the level of an`object' isolated by and for the individual. '' Lefebvre (1991, page 401) The set of papers in this special issue are all concerned in one way or another with the notion of performance, a notion whose hold is becoming general across much of the social sciences and humanitiesöfrom anthropology (for example, Farnell, 1999) to architecture (Davidson, 1998) and from history (Green, 1997) to the history of science (Gouk, 1996). In the past, performance tended to be associated with the theatre and theatricality. Yet, though theatre and theatricality still play a part in the study of performance, modern performance studies are founded in two developments. Theoretically, they arise from the meeting between those working in the performing arts and in the social sciences, especially anthropology and sociology, in the 1960s and 1970s. Practically, they can be found in the diaspora of performance out of the theatre in the same period, leading to the formation of many new artistic genres (many of which, significantly, move away from the traditional authority of the text). (1) In turn, these theoretical and practical pushes have now made performance into a central motif in the social sciences and humanities. In this introductory paper, we will argue that what we can see as a result is not one single motif but rather four different apprehensions of performance, apprehensions which clearly need to be explicated separately. This is not to say that these different apprehensions do not have elements in common. They do. They share, for example, a general and generalised discontent with the per-forms that went before, an interest in embodiment, and an attempt to unlock and animate new (human and nonhuman) potentialities. Above all, we argue, they want Abstract. In this introductory paper ö which follows the course of the papers included in this special issue ö we argue that there are currently four main apprehensions of performance. The first of those apprehensions is provided by the work of Judith Butler on performativity. We then move to a second apprehension ö the rather more general notion of performance found in nonrepresentational theory, using as an example the work of Gilles Deleuze. The third apprehension of performance is that taken from work found in the discipline of performance itself. Then, the fourth apprehension concerns the reworking of academic practices as performative.(1) Of course, there are many precursors to performance from before the 1960s and 1970s, many of which have been drawn into the tradition.