The Localization of Polfsaccharides in Developing Teeth

Bevelander, Gerrit; Johnson, Percy L.

doi:10.1177/00220345550340010701

Cited by 48 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…21) demonstrated a comparable intake and subsequent behaviour (BClanger, 1955b). These findings seem to confirm previous reports of a low cystine content in enamel (Pincus, 1936;Block, 1951).…”

Section: Enamelsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This keratin has a low sulphur content (Leicester, 1949) and according to Pincus (1936) and Block (1951) shows only traces of cystine upon hydrolysis. Pincus (1949) has also reported the presence of a mucoprotein, which might be some sort of a ground substance constituent, rendering enamel comparable t o the other mineralizing tissues a t least in its early form.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same author (Heller-Steinberg, 1951) has observed an intensified colour reaction in areas of bone growth and destruction, attributed in both cases t o the presence of low polymers. A cell-matrix sequence based on the detection of PAS-positive material in the osteoblasts (Heller-Steinberg, 1951) and the odontoblasts (Bevelander and Johnson, 1955) has been reported in the elaboration of the neutral polysaccharides but not for the acid mucopolysaccharides (Bevelander and Johnson, 1955).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Autoradiographic Studies of the Formation of the Organic Matrix of Cartilage, Bone and the Tissues of Teeth

Blanger¹

2008

Ciba Foundation Symposium - Bone Structure and Metabolism

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Section: Enamelsupporting

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Autoradiographic Studies of the Formation of the Organic Matrix of Cartilage, Bone and the Tissues of Teeth

Blanger¹

2008

Ciba Foundation Symposium - Bone Structure and Metabolism

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“…A CS cell-surface PG, NG2, has been identified in melanocytes and cells of the cornea, where it has been shown to interact with collagen type VI (Levine and Nishiyama, 1996), while a variant of CD44 has also been detected on lymphocytes and monocytes, is proposed to mediate cell migration and activation during inflammation, and is expressed by many mesenchymal cells (Sheikh et al, 1998 (Symons, 1968). Predentin was shown to be alcian-blue-positive, the inner alcianophilic part being more stainable than the outer, less alcianophilic, part (Bevelander and Johnson, 1955;Weill, 1959 Since there was increasing knowledge on the loss of GAGs during processing for electron microscopy, cationic dyes and cationic detergents were added to the fixative solution, retaining GAGs in the form of aggregates in the tissue. By means of this improved fixation method, electron-dense aggregates were located in predentin in the spaces located between the collagen fibers and were also visible along the collagen fibers, present at sites corresponding with the periodic striations (Goldberg and Septier, 1983) (Fig.…”

Section: (B) Small Leucine-rich Proteoglycansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteoglycans in Dentinogenesis

Embery

Hall

Waddington

et al. 2001

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

169

158

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The predominant proteoglycans present in predentin and dentin are the chondroitin-sulphate-rich decorin and biglycan and the keratan-sulphate-rich lumican and fibromodulin. These are small, interstitial, leucine-rich proteoglycans which have recently been shown to exist in gradients across the predentin. Antibodies recognizing chondroitin sulphate show a decreasing gradient from the pulpal aspect toward the mineralizing front, the converse being true for keratan sulphate. Antidecorin shows an increase toward the mineralization front. Evidence from biochemical, autoradiographic, and immunohistochemical studies implies that such changes may be brought about by gradients of metalloproteinases. This offers the possibility that the proteoglycans organize the collagen network for receipt of phosphoproteins and phospholipids, the former being evident only at the onset of dentin formation. The suggestion is raised that glycosaminoglycan-depleted leucine-rich protein cores act as sequester points for receipt of phosphoproteins in particular. The rigid, spatially oriented glycosaminoglycan chains on decorin and biglycan are known to bind calcium and may feature directly in mineral initiation.Key words. Dentinogenesis, proteoglycans, phosphoconjugates, metalloproteinases, mineralization.(I) Introduction Jn recent years, there has been a wealth of new information on the group of non-collagenous glycoconjugates present in the extracellular matrix of most connective tissues, termed proteoglycans (PGs). These molecules are deemed to play structural and metabolic functional roles in both the soft and mineralized tissues of the body and are present in a wide variety of non-vertebrate and vertebrate species.Their presence in mineralized tissues, such as bone, has been evident for some time. Although the presence of PGs in predentin and, to a lesser extent, in dentin is well-established, it is only with the advent of contemporary biochemical and immunohistochemical procedures that their speciation, ultrastructural distribution, and possible biological roles in dentinogenesis are beginning to be elucidated.Within the last decade, there have been few reviews specifically addressing the function of PGs in relation to dentinogenesis. Research in this field has borrowed much of its knowledge from connective tissues in general, particularly the work on the aggregating PGs, such as aggrecan, present in cartilage. It The aspect of gradient distribution will be described in detail later and is of major significance, since it offers a functionality for such molecules during the structural transition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of predentin, leading to the correct spatial assembly of the collagenous-non-coliagenous scaffold as a prelude for mineral deposition. For this reason, the review wili also deal with recent work on the potential of metalioproteinases (MMPs) to bring about such transition and the presence of phosphoprotein in dentin specifically hnked to mineralization. The absence of phosphoprotein from predentin an...

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“…It is not known whether the enzyme plays a direct or indirect role in the formation of collagen, but sulphated mucopolysaccharide, the ground substance of the dentine, is elaborated by the pulp (Bevelander and Johnson, 1955), and the intense enzyme activity in the subodontoblastic area may be associated directly with this, or indirectly with fibrillogenesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hypophosphatasia: A Metabolic Disease with Important Dental Manifestations

Ritchie¹

1964

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Hypophosphatasia may be described briefly as a condition mostly occurring in infants and children, in which there are rachitic bone changes with a variable degree of hypercalcaemia, and a lowered serum alkaline phosphatase (normal levels, adults 3-7-13-1 K.A. units/l00 ml., children 15-20 K.A. units/100 ml.). Urine analysis by paper chromatography shows the presence of a spot corresponding to phosphoethanolamine, which is excreted in smaUl amounts and is considered pathognomonic.While the bone lesions in hypophosphatasia have been extensively studied, the dental changes, which are equally striking, have been less so. We present here our conclusions from having observed 10 cases of hypophosphatasia, studied with particular reference to the teeth, of which 4 illustrative cases are briefly described.Case Reports Case 1. (A.H.). This boy was first investigated when 2i years old for bony deformities which had been present since birth. He had also had bouts of vomiting which occurred after meals, lasted two day and recurred at sixweekly intervals, and were accompanied by extreme fatigue. At this time he was able to walk, but with a pronounced roll and tended to drag his toes. Both arms and legs had been short since birth and both femora were bowed, the knees were not fully extended, and he had short trident hands. There was lordosis of the lower spine and sulci on either side of the sternum at the costochondral junction. The face was asymmetrical with left-sided proptosis, and the deciduous incisor teeth were reported lost. The coronal sutures of the skull were heaped up.Radiographs showed the cortices of the bones to be very thin and several long bones showed evidence of old fractures.Plasma alkaline phosphatase, 2-8 K.A. units,100 ml.Serum calcium, normal. Paper chromatography of urine showed a large excretion of phosphoethanolamine.FAMILY HISTORY. Both parents were alive and well, and were not related. The mother's alkaline phosphatase level was low, 2-9 K.A. units/100 ml., and urinary chromatogram revealed a definite slight excess of phosphoethanolamine. The father's alkaline phosphatase level was also low, 3 -8 K.A. units/100 ml., and his urine contained a small amount of phosphoethanolamine. Both parents were, therefore, considered to be heterozygotes foF the defect under discussion.There was one sib, a brother 6 years older than the patient who now at the age of 8 years was well, though at the age of 2 years he had for six months had intermittent bouts of vomiting. Clinically and radiographically his bones were normal, but his alkaline phosphatase level was low, 8-3 K.A. units/100 nll., and his urine contained considerable amounts of phosphoethanolamine.At 7 years the patient was referred for dental opinion with this typical history of infantile hypophosphatasia. He was now a small child for his age, with some frontal bossing. He was unable to run much, suffering pains in feet and legs. The alkaline phosphatase level, which had fallen to 0-7 units at the age of 54 years, had risen but was still at a low level, ...

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The Localization of Polfsaccharides in Developing Teeth

Cited by 48 publications

References 11 publications

Autoradiographic Studies of the Formation of the Organic Matrix of Cartilage, Bone and the Tissues of Teeth

Autoradiographic Studies of the Formation of the Organic Matrix of Cartilage, Bone and the Tissues of Teeth

Proteoglycans in Dentinogenesis

Hypophosphatasia: A Metabolic Disease with Important Dental Manifestations

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