The liver, kidney, and thyroid toxicity of chlorinated benzenes

Besten, C. den; Vet, J.J.R.M.; Besselink, H.; Kiel, Gerhard; Berkel, B.J.M. van; Beems, Rudolf B.; Bladeren, P.J. van

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(91)90135-2

Cited by 85 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…male animals, renal tubular degeneration (ATSDR, 2007;Elovaara, 1998;NTP, 1987). 1,4-DCB is not as acutely hepatotoxic or thyrotoxic as the other dichlorobenzene isomers (den Besten et al, 1991Besten et al, , 1992Stine et al, 1991). In animal studies, 1,4-DCB is not considered to be a reproductive or developmental toxicant (ATSDR, 2007(ATSDR, , 2008Elovaara, 1998).…”

Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Huber

Blount

Mage

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Huber

Blount

Mage

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…They can exert a wide variety of significant negative health effects, ranging from immunological disorders to adverse effects on the liver, kidney, thyroid, and lung, sometimes accompanied by porphyria, in addition to causing severe environmental problems. 3 Therefore, several of them are included in the US Environmental Protection Agency list of priority environmental contaminants. 4 Contamination of soil by aromatic compounds typically arises from rupture of underground storage tanks, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, leaching or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil, accidental pipeline spill etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated air stripping and biofiltration for remediation of soils contaminated by organic compounds

Massabò

Nicolella

Zilli

2007

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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This paper presents the results of a laboratory scale investigation on the remediation of a soil contaminated by a mixture of organic compounds using a two-step process consisting of stripping and biofiltration. The biofilter was packed with the soil under examination in order to use autochthonous microorganisms. To assess the effects of both temperature and superficial velocity of the air stream on process performance different sets of experimental tests were carried out at two air temperatures (50 and 80• C), and at two superficial air velocities (41.0 and 82.0 m h −1 ), corresponding to apparent air residence times in the biofilter column of 38 and 19 s respectively. The stripping rate proves to be inversely correlated with the soil-water partitioning coefficient, while no evident correlation was found with the Henry coefficient. It can therefore be concluded that soil-water partitioning is limited by mass transfer while air-water partitioning reaches equilibrium. Temperature influences both stripping rate in the stripping column and degradation capacity in the biofilter. A stripping temperature of 80• C combined with a biofiltration temperature of 34• C provides the best process performance.

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“…At low initial 1,2,4-TCB concentrations, a first-order relationship between specific transformation rate and substrate concentration was observed with a specific affinity (a Chlorinated benzenes are important starting materials and additives in the production of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, rubbers, plastics, and electric goods (2). Their toxicity (10,11) and high persistence have led, in the last 1 or 2 decades, to prohibitions, restrictions on production and use, and legislation regulating waste disposal. Although some of the chlorobenzenes are biodegradable, they are very often present at micro-to nanomolar concentrations in drainage fluids from hazardous-waste disposal sites, lakes, rivers, and aquifers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiphasic Kinetics of Transformation of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene at Nano- and Micromolar Concentrations by Burkholderia sp. Strain PS14

Rapp

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The transformation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) at initial concentrations in nano-and micromolar ranges was studied in batch experiments with Burkholderia sp. strain PS14. 1,2,4-TCB was metabolized from nano-and micromolar concentrations to below its detection limit of 0.5 nM. At low initial 1,2,4-TCB concentrations, a first-order relationship between specific transformation rate and substrate concentration was observed with a specific affinity (a 0 A ) of 0.32 liter ⅐ mg (dry weight) ؊1 ⅐ h ؊1 followed by a second one at higher concentrations with an a o A of 0.77 liter ⅐ mg (dry weight) ؊1 ⅐ h ؊1 . This transition from the first-order kinetics at low initial 1,2,4-TCB concentrations to the second first-order kinetics at higher 1,2,4-TCB concentrations was shifted towards higher initial 1,2,4-TCB concentrations with increasing cell mass. At high initial concentrations of 1,2,4-TCB, a maximal transformation rate of approximately 37 nmol ⅐ min ؊1 ⅐ mg (dry weight) ؊1was measured, irrespective of the cell concentration.Chlorinated benzenes are important starting materials and additives in the production of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, rubbers, plastics, and electric goods (2). Their toxicity (10, 11) and high persistence have led, in the last 1 or 2 decades, to prohibitions, restrictions on production and use, and legislation regulating waste disposal. Although some of the chlorobenzenes are biodegradable, they are very often present at micro-to nanomolar concentrations in drainage fluids from hazardous-waste disposal sites, lakes, rivers, and aquifers. These concentrations are mainly determined by the low water solubility of these compounds (2, 31, 44) and their occurrence at residual concentrations, beyond which no further metabolism is observed (1,5,18,22,27,33,34,37).Bacteria often must cope with fluctuations in the extracellular concentration of nutrients. One possible way to respond to this challenge is through the development of multiple uptake or transformation systems. This task can be performed either by a microbial community composed of different strains having systems with different affinities and capacities for the same substrate within mixed populations or by a single strain possessing different uptake or transformation systems. The latter possibility has been demonstrated for a number of bacteria and naturally occurring substrates (13). Reports on multiple uptake or transformation systems for xenobiotics, however, are very scarce. It was shown by Tros et al. (36) that the degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate by Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 involved two transformation systems, one operating above a concentration of 1 M 3-chlorobenzoate and a second one operating below this concentration. Multiphasic kinetics was also observed in the transformation of the insecticide methyl parathion by a Flavobacterium species. The first system of this bacterium operated below approximately 76 nM and the second system operated below approximately 15 M (23).In a previo...

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The liver, kidney, and thyroid toxicity of chlorinated benzenes

Cited by 85 publications

References 22 publications

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Integrated air stripping and biofiltration for remediation of soils contaminated by organic compounds

Multiphasic Kinetics of Transformation of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene at Nano- and Micromolar Concentrations by Burkholderia sp. Strain PS14

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