The livelihood impacts of COVID-19 in urban South Africa: a view from below

Schotte, Simone; Zizzamia, Rocco

doi:10.1007/s11205-022-02978-7

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Nevertheless, data on suspected cases from Africa [ 99 , 111 ] shows that health-seeking behaviour was impacted more for less severe cases and that inequalities are reflected in the data [ 32 ] showing a greater reduction in attendance for children than adults, and for women than men. Generally, recently published research suggests that existing inequalities in health care access were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic measures, e.g., service provision was more severely affected for state services than for private providers [ 172 ] and existing disparities in, e.g., insurance coverage [ 173 ] were exacerbated by the more severe economic impact on already disadvantaged households and communities [ 174 ], with financial deprivation and food insecurity being known barriers to access and adherence [ 175 ]. Regarding malaria, some local reports identified the fear of SARS-CoV-2 as problematic and described active counter-measures [ 125 , 130 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and anti-pandemic measures on tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and malaria–A systematic review

Kessel

Heinsohn

Ott

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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COVID-19 pandemic puts an enormous strain on health care systems worldwide and may have a detrimental effect on prevention, treatment and outcomes of tuberculosis (TB), viral hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and malaria, whose ending is part of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We conducted a systematic review of scientific and grey literature in order to collect wide-ranging evidence with emphasis on quantification of the projected and actual indirect impacts of COVID-19 on the four infectious diseases with a global focus. We followed PRISMA guidelines and the protocol registered for malaria (CRD42021234974). We searched PubMed, Scopus, preView (last search: January 13, 2021) and websites of main (medical) societies and leading NGOs related to each of the four considered infectious diseases. From modelling studies, we identified the most impactful disruptions; from surveys and other quantitative studies (based e.g. on surveillance or program data), we assessed the actual size of the disruptions. The identified modelling studies warned about under-diagnosis (TB), anti-retroviral therapy interruption/decrease in viral load suppression (HIV), disruptions of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) distribution and access to effective treatment (malaria), and treatment delays and vaccination interruptions (viral hepatitis). The reported disruptions were very heterogeneous both between and within countries. If observed at several points in time, the initial drops (partly dramatic, e.g. TB notifications/cases, or HIV testing volumes decreased up to -80%) were followed by a gradual recovery. However, the often-missing assessment of the changes against the usual pre-pandemic fluctuations hampered the interpretation of less severe ones. Given the recurring waves of the pandemic and the unknown mid- to long-term effects of adaptation and normalisation, the real consequences for the fight against leading infectious diseases will only manifest over the coming years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and anti-pandemic measures on tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and malaria–A systematic review

Kessel

Heinsohn

Ott

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…According to the cumulative risk model ( 31 ), these negative emotions would be more severe for those whose lives were disrupted by COVID-19. In addition, another explanation may be that the life disruptions of COVID-19, such as livelihood shocks and job losses, reduced the potential resilience of households or individuals to other stresses beyond their control ( 78 ). For example, respondents with reduced household income were forced to save less, leading to greater vulnerability to future shocks, such as health risks from pandemics ( 78 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of risk exposure on emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of disruption of life and perceived controllability

Xiong

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundCOVID-19 affects not only the physical health of individuals but also their mental health and different types of risk exposures are believed to have different effects on individual emotional distress.ObjectiveThis study explores the relationships between risk exposure, disruption of life, perceived controllability, and emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsThis study is based on an online survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 1 to 10 February 2020, with a total of 2,993 Chinese respondents recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the relationships among risk exposure, disruption of life, perceived controllability, and emotional distress.ResultsThis study found that all types of risk exposures were significantly associated with emotional distress. Individuals with neighborhood infection, family member infection/close contact, and self-infection/close contact had higher levels of emotional distress (B = 0.551, 95% CI: −0.019, 1.121; B = 2.161, 95% CI: 1.067, 3.255; B = 3.240, 95% CI: 2.351, 4.129) than those without exposure. The highest levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing self-infection/close contact, while the lowest levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing neighborhood infection and the moderate levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing family member infection (Beta = 0.137; Beta = 0.073; Beta = 0.036). Notably, the disruption of life aggravated the effect of self-infection/close contact on emotional distress and family member infection/close contact on emotional distress (B = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.036, 0.398; B = 0.205, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.393). More importantly, perceived controllability lowered the strength of the association between self-infection/close contact and emotional distress, as well as family member infection/close contact and emotional distress (B = −0.180, 95% CI: −0.362, 0.002; B = −0.187, 95% CI: −0.404, 0.030).ConclusionThese findings shed light on mental health interventions for people exposed to or infected with COVID-19 near the beginning of the pandemic, particularly those who themselves had COVID or had family members with COVID-19 risk exposure, including being infected/having close contact with an infected person. We call for appropriate measures to screen out individuals or families whose lives were, or remain, more severely affected by COVID-19. We advocate providing individuals with material support and online mindfulness-based interventions to help them cope with the after-effects of COVID-19. It is also essential to enhance the public’s perception of controllability with the help of online psychological intervention strategies, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction programs and mindfulness-oriented meditation training programs.

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“…A larger number of the respondents are aware of the COVID-19 pandemic incidence in the study area. However, a lot of the respondents did not stock up their homes with food items as a response to the lockdown orders [1]. This could be due to the short lockdown notice and financial hardship faced by low-income earners, who make up the largest number of respondents in the study area.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Characteristics Of Respondentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Economies around the globe have unique socioeconomic structures that depict the relationship between the diverse range of forces that determine economic growth and development, for example, employment and the impacts of disasters [19]. COVID-19 is one such disaster that has radically changed economic structures and processes, challenging the relevance and effectiveness of economic planning processes [1]. Since the outbreak, COVID-19 has spread rapidly to almost all countries in the world.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socioeconomic impacts of Households’ Vulnerability during COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa: Application of Tobit and Probit Models

Oluwatayo

Ojo

Adediran³

2022

HighTech. Innov. J.

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Coronavirus is a public health issue with socioeconomic and livelihood dimensions. The World Health Organization declared the current novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020, and a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The South African government has implemented different strategies, ranging from total lockdown in certain locations and provision of palliatives in some provinces across the country. This study, therefore, investigated the correlates of vulnerability and responsiveness to the adverse impacts of COVID-19 in South Africa. The study utilized primary data collected among 477 respondents. Descriptive statistical tools, Tobit and Probit regression models, were used to analyze the data. The study found different levels of vulnerability (low, medium, and high) and responsiveness among households, including stocking up of food items, remote working, reliance on palliatives, and social grant provision, among others. Some of the correlates of responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic include being employed, the type of community, and the income of respondents. The study, therefore, recommends increased investments in welfare programmes (safety nets, palliative measures and economic stimulus packages) as well as capacity building of households through education to reduce vulnerability. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2022-03-04-02 Full Text: PDF

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The livelihood impacts of COVID-19 in urban South Africa: a view from below

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and anti-pandemic measures on tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and malaria–A systematic review

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and anti-pandemic measures on tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and malaria–A systematic review

Effects of risk exposure on emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of disruption of life and perceived controllability

Socioeconomic impacts of Households’ Vulnerability during COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa: Application of Tobit and Probit Models

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