The lithosphere in central Europe—seismological and petrological aspects

Babuška, Vladislav; Plomerová, Jaroslava

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(92)90475-l

Cited by 127 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is somewhat smaller (~300km wide), appears to originate by lithopheric flexuring and is not currently rising. Babuska & Plomerova (1992) have shown that the thickness of the lithosphere beneath western and central Europe is typically 100-120 km; this is a regional characteristic of the Variscan basement. In the northern part of the Massif Central the lithospheric thickness increases to 140 km, whilst thinning to 70-80 km occurs beneath the main grabens (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The western Alps have a deep lithospheric root (> 170 km). The asthenosphere-lithosphere boundary below the SE part of the Rhenish Massif is elevated to ~ 60 km depth (Babuska & Plomerova, 1992), and to ~70 km below the Vogelsberg (Braun & Berckhemer, 1993). The lower crust beneath the Vogelsberg is characterised by a strongly reflective zone at ~20 km depth and a Moho depth of ~ 28km, suggesting the presence of a lower crust underplated and intruded by basaltic magma.…”

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Tertiary-Quaternary intra-plate magmatism in Europe and its relationship to mantle dynamics

Wilson

Downes

2006

Memoirs

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Anorogenic intra-plate magmatism was widespread in Europe from early Tertiary to Recent times, extending west to east from Spain to Bulgaria, and south to north from Sicily to northern Germany. Magmatism is spatially and temporally associated with Alpine-Pyrenean collisional tectonics, the development of an extensive lithospheric rift system in the northern foreland of the Alps, and, locally, with uplift of Variscan basement massifs (Massif Central, Rhenish Massif, Bohemian Massif). The volcanic regions vary in volume from large central volcanoes (e.g. Cantal, Massif Central;Vogelsberg, northern Germany), to small isolated plugs (e.g. Urach and Hegau provinces in southern Germany). Within the Mediterranean region, the Dinarides, the Pannonian Basin and Bulgaria, anorogenic volcanism locally postdates an earlier phase of subduction-related magmatism.The major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope characteristics of the most primitive mafic magmatic rocks (MgO > 6 wt %) provide important constraints on the nature of the mantle source and the conditions of partial melting.. These are predominantly sodic (melilitites, nephelinites, basanites and alkali olivine basalts); however, locally, potassic magma types (olivine leucitites, leucite nephelinites) also occur. In several localities (e.g., Sicily; Vogelsberg and the Rhine Graben, Germany; Calatrava, central Spain) olivine-and quartz-tholeiites form a significant component of the magmatism. The sodic magmas were derived by variable degrees of partial melting (~ 0.5 -5 %) within a transitional zone between garnet-peridotite and spinel-peridotite mantle facies, close to the base of the lithosphere; the potassic magma types are interpreted as partial melts of enriched domains within the lithospheric mantle. Mantle partial melting was induced by adiabatic decompression of the asthenosphere, locally in small-scale, plume-like, diapirs which appear to upwell from ~ 400 km depth. 2Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic activity within Europe occurs in two principal geotectonic settings: referred to as orogenic and anorogenic by Wilson & Bianchini (1999). Occurrences of calc-alkaline volcanism (orogenic) in the Alpine chain, the Carpathians and the Mediterranean region (Harangi et al., this volume) can be explained geodynamically in terms of contemporaneous subduction, and will not be considered further in this review. Here emphasis is placed on the extensive anorogenic, dominantly alkaline, volcanic province to the north of the Alpine collision zone, including the Massif Central of France, the Rhenish Massif of northern Germany, the Rhine Graben, and the Eger Graben within the northern part of the Bohemian Massif in the Czech Republic (Figs. 1 & 2). Further to the east mafic alkaline volcanism (anorogenic) post-dates a major phase of subduction-related volcanism in the Pannonian Basin, the Dinarides (Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, N. Bosnia), Bulgaria and western Turkey. Further south,within the Mediterranean region, anorogenic volcanism occurs in Sicily, Sardinia, Monte V...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Tertiary-Quaternary intra-plate magmatism in Europe and its relationship to mantle dynamics

Wilson

Downes

2006

Memoirs

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“…1). Geophysical evidence indicates that the thickness of the lithosphere beneath the western Ohře Graben is ~80 km (Babuška and Plomerová 1992;. The other volcano-tectonic zones of the Bohemian Massif are the Cheb-Domažlice Graben in western Bohemia (Ulrych et al 2003) and the Labe/Elbe-Odra Fault System with dispersed volcanic centers in northeastern Bohemia (Fediuk and Fediuková 1985;Birkenmajer et al 2004;Ulrych et al 2011).…”

Section: Geological Setting and Sample Localitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and petrology of pyroxenite xenoliths from Cenozoic alkaline basalts, Bohemian Massif

Ackerman¹,

Špaček²,

Medaris³

et al. 2013

J. Geosci.

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Pyroxenites occur as rare, but important, mantle xenoliths within Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Central European Volcanic Province (CEVP). We report the petrography, geothermobarometry, mineral chemistry as well as clinopyroxene trace-element and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of six pyroxenite xenoliths hosted by Tertiary-Quaternary volcanic rocks from Kozákov (NE Bohemia), Dobkovičky and Kuzov (Ohře/Eger Rift), and Lutynia (SW Poland). Three Kozákov xenoliths record a complex nature and evolution. As suggested by contrasting estimated temperatures (596-663 ºC and 1008-1067 ºC) and textures, olivine clinopyroxenite and one websterite were likely derived from different depths and may represent crystallization products of transient melts. Another websterite contains symplectite pseudomorphs after garnet which originated by exsolution from highly aluminous clinopyroxene, and the garnet breakdown was associated with melt introduction. This websterite P-T conditions (17.3 to 21.4 kbar and 1080-1200 ºC) correspond to derivation from depths of 55-69 km. The composition of websterite from Dobkovičky suggests its origin as a cumulate from melt derived from a highly depleted mantle source with a composition similar to Depleted MORB Mantle (DMM). The position and petrological significance of websterite from Kuzov remains unclear because of a lack of data from associated peridotites. At Lutynia, cryptic metasomatism of peridotites by a CO 2 -bearing alkaline melt was described previously, and the composition of melt calculated to be in equilibrium with Lutynia websterite clinopyroxene is very similar to that in equilibrium with metasomatized amphibole-bearing peridotite. Therefore, the Lutynia websterite may represent a cumulate from percolating melt that metasomatized the lithospheric mantle in this area.

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“…We have used the IASP91 Earth model (Kennett 1991). For details of the method we refer to, e.g., Babuška and Plomerová (1992).…”

Section: Mapping Of Seismic Anisotropymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mantle lithosphere control of crustal tectonics and magmatism of the western Ohře (Eger) Rift

Babuška¹,

Plomerová²

2012

J. Geosci.

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This paper summarizes our recent research on the relationship between tectonics of the mantle lithosphere and of the upper crust in the western Bohemian Massif. The rejuvenated Variscan junction of three mantle domains, the Saxothuringian, Moldanubian and Teplá-Barrandian, delimited by different orientation of seismic anisotropy reflecting a consistent fossil olivine orientation and belonging to originally separated microplates, plays important role in the crustal architecture of the region. The crust above the mantle junction is the most active part of the BM characterized by periodic earthquake swarms and mofettes emitting gases of mantle origin. Detected offsets of surface boundaries of the three units from their mantle counterparts indicate a detachment of the rigid upper crust from the mantle lithosphere. Locations of major tectonic features like the Ohře (Eger) Rift, the West Bohemian Shear Zone and the Mariánské Lázně Fault were probably predisposed by the boundaries of the mantle lithosphere domains. We have suggested that the sublithospheric mantle of the western BM acted as a major provider for heat and partial melts and the Variscan mantle boundaries served as magma conduits for the late-orogenic granitic magmatism and, after their rejuvenation, also for the Cenozoic volcanism. Similarly, the boundaries may have pre-determined the subsequent locations of sedimentary basins. It is possible that also in other regions some of these so called intra-plate phenomena can be related to partly healed up and later rejuvenated microplate boundaries.

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The lithosphere in central Europe—seismological and petrological aspects

Cited by 127 publications

References 36 publications

Tertiary-Quaternary intra-plate magmatism in Europe and its relationship to mantle dynamics

Tertiary-Quaternary intra-plate magmatism in Europe and its relationship to mantle dynamics

Geochemistry and petrology of pyroxenite xenoliths from Cenozoic alkaline basalts, Bohemian Massif

Mantle lithosphere control of crustal tectonics and magmatism of the western Ohře (Eger) Rift

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