The liquid nitrogen fountain

McRae, R.; Rahn, Jeffrey A.; Beamer, Timothy W.; LeBret, Norm; Warner, Mark J.; Brown., Emily J. S.

doi:10.1021/ed079p1220

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The concept of liquid nitrogen is fascinating for children (and adults), as they have not previously encountered something that is a liquid and so extraordinarily cold (well outside their frame of reference from their regular lives). While there are a number of demonstrations using liquid nitrogen that have been reported, − one of the most delicious is making liquid-nitrogen-based ice cream (Figure ). Note that this activity was run as a demonstration due to safety concerns (see the Supporting Information for more details).…”

Section: Program Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweet, Sweet Science: Addressing the Gender Gap in STEM Disciplines through a One-Day High School Program in Sugar Chemistry

Levine

DiScenza

2018

J. Chem. Educ.

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Reported herein is the design, implementation, and evaluation of a full-day outreach program for high school girls that focuses entirely on sugar-related activities. The program, which we ran in February 2016 and February 2017, included multiple hands-on sugar-based experiments to increase the participants' interest in and enthusiasm for science. The success of the program was quantitatively evaluated through the administration of pre-camp and post-camp surveys. Overall, the survey results indicated a marked improvement in responses, which corresponds to strong success in changing the participants' attitudes regarding the practical applicability of science and in increasing their interest in pursuing scientific careers.

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Section: Program Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweet, Sweet Science: Addressing the Gender Gap in STEM Disciplines through a One-Day High School Program in Sugar Chemistry

Levine

DiScenza

2018

J. Chem. Educ.

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“…Depending on the age and number of students, as well as the availability of safety glasses, this exercise can be animated as a hands-on activity for everyone, or simply as a demonstration. Combining this with other dry ice or liquid nitrogen − demonstrations provides for a fun lesson on solids, liquids, and gases. This demonstration requires centrifuge tubes with caps, dry ice, wire, cloth, oils (eugenol, limonene, oil of oregano, etc.…”

Section: Demonstration Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂ Dry Cleaning: A Benign Solvent Demonstration Accessible to K–8 Audiences

et al. 2016

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A quick demonstration is described to showcase the use of CO2 as an alternative, benign dry cleaning solvent. The demonstration includes visible evidence of CO2 as a solid, a liquid, and a gas, making it ideal as part of a broader lesson on states of matter. The demonstration relies on a technique for generating liquid CO2 in a centrifuge tube, which has been used for extractions in undergraduate teaching laboratories for over a decade. This report represents a unique attempt to transfer this method to the K–8 curriculum.

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“…[10][11][12][13] Todavia, tanto quanto averiguamos não encontramos descrições de experiências com objetivos pedagógicos em que sejam efectuadas medidas de volume ou pressão, associadas à contração ou expansão do ar. No sentido de preencher essa lacuna, preparámos algumas experiências em que se mostra quantitativamente as diferenças no volume ocupado e pressão exercida por uma certa quantidade de ar (essencialmente devido ao oxigénio) no estado gasoso ou líquido.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Breathing and Instructing With Air

Carvalho¹,

Silva²,

Diogo³

2016

Química Nova

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Recebido em 18/01/2016; aceito em 25/04/2016; publicado na web em 08/07/2016 BREATHING AND INSTRUCTING WITH AIR. A set of quasi-quantitative experiments are described to relate volume and pressure variations associated to the phase changes of the main components of the air. The processes are promoted by variation of temperature using liquid nitrogen to refrigerate the air and get liquid oxygen, traces of dry ice and ice. The changes in volume and pressure associated to oxygen phase changes are used to discuss and rationalize phenomena as different as the effects of intermolecular forces on the properties of substances, industrial accidents resulting from a sudden pressure increase due to undesired reactions or even rationalize how popcorns are made. The ludic character of some of the experiments aims to promote the interest and curiosity of youngsters on scientific issues.Keywords: phase transitions; ideal gas equation; air composition; intermolecular forces. INTRODUÇÃOO ar que respiramos é essencial à vida, mas é também um recurso que pode ser usado com objetivos pedagógicos. As experiências aqui descritas usam o ar como fonte de gases, por ser uma mistura facilmente acessível e barata. O nitrogénio (nitrogênio), que é o componente mais abundante do ar (cerca de 78,1% em volume) pode ser usado no estado líquido como agente de refrigeração. À pressão atmosférica, o nitrogénio liquefaz à temperatura de -195,8 °C. 1,2 A essa temperatura o oxigénio (O 2 , cerca de 21% do ar em volume), que apresenta uma temperatura de ebulição mais elevada, encontra-se também no estado líquido (ponto de ebulição = -183,0 °C) 1 enquanto que, o dióxido de carbono (CO 2 ; cerca de 0,03%) e a água (H 2 O; variável) passam ao estado sólido a -78,5 °C e 0 °C, respetivamente. Para além destes componentes, é ainda significativa a quantidade de árgon (argónio; cerca de 0,9% em volume).3 A propósito da composição do ar, pode referir-se que a evolução da vida na Terra está associada à variação dos teores dos componentes da atmosfera ao longo dos tempos. Por exemplo, na Era Paleozoica (há cerca de 350 a 250 milhões de anos) o teor de oxigénio (constituinte capturado do ar pelos organismos vivos e fundamental para os processos metabólicos associados ao voo) na atmosfera era mais elevado do que presentemente, o que favoreceu a existência de animais voadores com dimensões superiores, em comparação com os atuais. Nessa altura e tendo em consideração a relevância do oxigénio nas combustões, 4,5 havia também condições mais favoráveis ao aparecimento e propagação de incêndios florestais.Há na literatura várias experiências em que o nitrogénio líquido é usado com fins pedagógicos para ilustrar a composição do ar, 6 as leis de Boyle, 7 de Charles ou de Avogadro, 8 ou ainda para fazer sorvete 9 ou truques com balões.10-13 Todavia, tanto quanto averiguamos não encontramos descrições de experiências com objetivos pedagógicos em que sejam efectuadas medidas de volume ou pressão, associadas à contração ou expansão do ar. No sentido de preencher essa lacun...

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The liquid nitrogen fountain

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Sweet, Sweet Science: Addressing the Gender Gap in STEM Disciplines through a One-Day High School Program in Sugar Chemistry

Sweet, Sweet Science: Addressing the Gender Gap in STEM Disciplines through a One-Day High School Program in Sugar Chemistry

CO₂ Dry Cleaning: A Benign Solvent Demonstration Accessible to K–8 Audiences

Breathing and Instructing With Air

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The liquid nitrogen fountain

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Sweet, Sweet Science: Addressing the Gender Gap in STEM Disciplines through a One-Day High School Program in Sugar Chemistry

Sweet, Sweet Science: Addressing the Gender Gap in STEM Disciplines through a One-Day High School Program in Sugar Chemistry

CO2 Dry Cleaning: A Benign Solvent Demonstration Accessible to K–8 Audiences

Breathing and Instructing With Air

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CO₂ Dry Cleaning: A Benign Solvent Demonstration Accessible to K–8 Audiences