The Link between Smoking and Impotence: Two Decades of Evidence

Tengs, Tammy O.; Osgood, Nathaniel D.

doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0830

Cited by 102 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The use of tobacco is a major public health problem worldwide, and the available evidence on the role of smoking on erectile function is equivocal. [12][13][14][15][16] Anti-tobacco advertisements now feature the risk of ED as a reason to avoid or cease tobacco use. As warnings of cancer and heart disease have lost their ability to alarm, tobacco control has turned to the risk of ED.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Meta-analyses have shown that impotent men are significantly more likely to be current smokers than men in the general population (prevalence of smoking 40 vs 28%). 15,16 Yet, the results of studies have been completely equivocal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Association between smoking and ED has been assessed mainly in prevalence studies, which have considerable weaknesses for elucidating the etiology of ED. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Only two longitudinal studies have evaluated the effect of smoking on erectile function. One has clearly shown that smoking does not have an effect on the incidence of ED, 12 and the other has also found no effect in whole sample, 11 while doubling of risk in a subgroup of men free from vascular diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between smoking and erectile dysfunction

et al. 2004

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We estimated the effects of smoking on the risk and prognosis of erectile dysfunction (ED), and of ED on smoking behavior. The follow-up sample consisted of the 1442 men aged 50-75 y, who responded to both baseline and follow-up questionnaires. We estimated the effect of smoking on the incidence of ED among the 1130 men free from ED, ED on risk to start smoking in the 502 nonsmokers, smoking on the prognosis of ED among the 312 with ED and ED on quitting smoking among the 292 current smokers at baseline. Risk of ED increased nonsignificantly with smoking (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.4), while ED recovery reduced (OR ¼ 0.6). Therefore, there was the ratio of 2.3 (1.4/0.6) describing the total effect of smoking on the risk of ED. Both quitting (OR ¼ 1.7) and starting (OR ¼ 1.9) smoking were rare and nonsignificantly higher in men with ED. Most of the OR estimates on smoking-ED relationships were not statistically significant, probably due to small numbers. There are two bidirectional relations between ED and smoking. Those who smoked had a higher risk of ED than nonsmokers. The men with ED were more likely to start smoking than those free from ED. The estimates of effects were not statistically significant, but they were consistent with each other and with the hypothesis that smoking causes ED and ED causes smoking. The recovery from ED was less in smokers than among nonsmokers, and current smokers with ED were more likely to stop smoking than men free from ED. Numbers were few and estimates of effects were not significant, but consistent with the hypothesis of smoking preventing recovery from ED and ED improving the success of smoking cessation. Such transitions in four directions explain indirectly the known positive association between the prevalence of smoking and the prevalence of ED. IntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common public health problem affecting millions of men worldwide. 1-2 It has a strong negative effect on interpersonal relationship, well-being and quality of life. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Epidemiological findings would be obviously valuable for better understanding of ED and subsequently for developing appropriate service delivery and resource allocation modalities, as well as for developing prevention strategies when modifiable risk factors are established. Despite the recent interest on ED, there is still substantial gap in our knowledge of the etiology of ED. 11,12 The use of tobacco is a major public health problem worldwide, and its effect on sexual life is an often-used fact in anti-smoking campaigns. Association between smoking and ED has been assessed mainly in prevalence studies, which have considerable weaknesses for elucidating the etiology of ED. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Only two longitudinal studies have evaluated the effect of smoking on erectile function. One has clearly shown that smoking does not have an effect on the incidence of ED, 12 and the other has also found no effect in whole sample, 11 while doubling of risk in a subgroup of men free from v...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between smoking and erectile dysfunction

et al. 2004

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“…35 Tengs and Osgood performed a meta-analysis of literature over the last 20 years and revealed that 40% of impotent men were current smokers compared with 28% of men in the general population. 36 McVary et al…”

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Erectile Dysfunction Associated with Psychoactive Substances

Jiann

2008

Chonnam Med J

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Psychoactive substances are believed to be aphrodisiac; but in reality they have deleterious effects on all the aspects of sexual function. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the available scientific literature on the impact of psychoactive substances, including alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs on erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. Almost all of them have been reported to be associated with ED. These substances may exert their inhibitory effect on erection through their effects on central neurotransmitter pathways (serotogenic, adrenergic or dopaminergic). Besides, some also may exhibit vasoconstricting properties (cocaine), impair endothelium function (nicotine) or suppress the release of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary, resulting in hypogonadism (morphine) to induce ED. The relationship between ED and psychoactive substances is attributed not only to pharmacological effects, but also to psychological and social reactions to substance dependence. Whether withdrawal from the substances could restore erectile function remains unknown. However, human and animal studies demonstrated that the effects of neurological damage from chronic substance abuse are long-lasting. This information of sexual consequence of the substances will be of great general interest and may serve as a powerful tool to healthcare providers.

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“…Meta-analyses have shown that impotent men are significantly more likely to be current smokers than men in the general population (prevalence of smoking 40 vs 28%). [6][7] Yet, the results are completely equivocal. [8][9][11][12]20,[24][25] Of the two populationbased follow-up studies, smoking did not have an effect on erectile function in the Brazilian study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of life-style factors on incidence of erectile dysfunction

et al. 2004

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We estimated the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a population-based sample during 5-y follow-up and determined how the rate was affected by sociodemographic and life-style factors. The target population comprised all men aged 50, 60 or 70 y residing in the city of Tampere or 11 surrounding municipalities in Finland at the start of follow-up. A questionnaire was mailed to 3143 men in 1994 and to 2864 in 1999. The follow-up sample consisted of 1442 men who responded to both baseline and follow-up questionnaires. We estimated the effect of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors on the incidence of ED among the 1130 men free of ED at baseline. We found no differences in the incidence of ED by the level of education, marital status, urban/rural place of residence, amount of alcohol and coffee consumption. Obesity (rate ratio (RR) ¼ 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-2.5) and current smoking (RR ¼ 1.5, 95% CI: 0.9-2.2) increased the incidence of ED. Current smokers free of comorbidity were also at higher risk of ED (RR ¼ 1.3, 95% CI: 0.8-2.1), but no effect was observed among past smokers. Our results indicate that sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, except age and obesity, have little influence on ED. IntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common public health problem affecting millions of men worldwide. 1There are substantial gaps in our knowledge of the occurrence and etiology of ED.2-3 The use of tobacco and consumption of alcohol are major public health problems worldwide, and the available evidence on the role of smoking 2-7 and alcohol consumption [4][5][8][9][10][11][12] on erectile function is controversial. Few population-based follow-up studies have been published on the effect of smoking and alcohol consumption on erectile function. The association between these factors and ED has been assessed mainly in prevalence studies, which have serious limitations for etiological purposes. Only one population-based follow-up study has evaluated the role of alcohol intake on erectile function and failed to show an effect of alcohol consumption on ED. 4 Only two longitudinal studies have evaluated the effect of smoking on erectile function. One showed clearly negative result 3 and the other a negative overall result, but doubling of risk in a subgroup of men free of vascular disease at baseline. 4 We estimated the effect of sociodemographic and life-style factors on the incidence of ED in a population-based sample of the 1130 men who were free of ED at baseline and followed up for a period of 5 y. Materials and methodsDetails of the Tampere Aging Male Urological Study population have been previously described elsewhere. [13][14][15] In this population-based follow-up study, the target population comprised all 3152 men born in 1924, 1934 or 1944 residing in Tampere or 11 surrounding municipalities in 1994, identified from the National Population Register. Information was collected by means of a mailed self-administered questionnaire comprising items on sociodemographic status, life-style factors,...

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The Link between Smoking and Impotence: Two Decades of Evidence

Cited by 102 publications

References 28 publications

Relationship between smoking and erectile dysfunction

Relationship between smoking and erectile dysfunction

Erectile Dysfunction Associated with Psychoactive Substances

Effect of life-style factors on incidence of erectile dysfunction

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