The link between breakfast skipping and overweigh/obesity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Ardeshirlarijani, Edris; Namazi, Nazli; Jabbari, Masoumeh; Zeinali, Mina; Gerami, Hadis; Jalili, Reza B.; Larijani, Bagher; Azadbakht, Leila

doi:10.1007/s40200-019-00446-7

Cited by 73 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Breakfast is known for being one of the meals most omitted by young people [41]. A 43% higher risk of obesity has been observed in children and adolescents who skip breakfast versus those who eat breakfast regularly [42]. On the other hand, several benefits have been observed in adolescents in relation to regular breakfast consumption, for example, lower body fat [43], higher grip strength, and faster sprint times [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns of Breakfast Consumption Among Chilean University Students

Díaz-Torrente

Dourado

2020

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Breakfast is one of the most important meals of the day. A good quality breakfast must include dairy products, cereals, and fruits. The aim of this study is to determine breakfast dietary patterns and their nutritional quality among Chilean university students. A cross-sectional non-probabilistic study was conducted in 200 university students between 18 and 27 years in Santiago, Chile. To identify dietary patterns and breakfast quality, a breakfast food survey was conducted. Patterns were identified by factor analysis. Most of the subjects (53%) ate breakfast daily, with a higher prevalence among females (60.2% vs. 43.7%, p < 0.05); 68% did not consume fruits and 17.5% had good breakfast quality, with no differences by sex. Four breakfast dietary patterns were identified: “dairy & cereals”, “healthy”, “traditional salty” and “traditional sweet” that together explained 35.6% of the total variance. There was no sex difference in predominant dietary patterns. The “dairy & cereals” and “traditional sweet” patterns were associated with regularly eating breakfast (β: −0.47, p = 0.001; β: −0.32, p = 0.020) and the “healthy” pattern with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (β: 0.35, p = 0.024). In conclusion, breakfast quality was inadequate due to low fruit consumption and energy intake. The four identified patterns included cereals, bread, dairy, fats and sugars. Results may be usual in the planning of future interventions aimed at improving breakfast consumption and quality in university students.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns of Breakfast Consumption Among Chilean University Students

Díaz-Torrente

Dourado

2020

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…35 Another cross-sectional study in Poland concluded that skipping breakfast or eating it irregularly was a risk factor for OB for girls but not for boys. 36 However, results from longitudinal studies, 37,38 as well as a review of 16 cross-sectional studies and a recently meta-analysis, 10 suggest that skipping breakfast is associated with OW and OB in boys and girls, 12 although not all of those studies involved using formal statistical tests for sex-based differences. Furthermore, in most studies involving statistical testing for effect modification, researchers have used a multiplicative scale with an interaction term, which is unsuitable to assess whether an intervention would benefit some subgroups more than others, which has been identified as an important public health issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such findings have been partly supported by a recent meta-analysis of 14 cross-sectional studies and two prospective studies on skipping breakfast and OW or OB in children and adolescents. 10 For example, in a cross-sectional study of 6941 children aged 9 to 11 years from 12 countries representing a wide range of economic development, Zakrzewski et al 11 found that regularly eating breakfast was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) than occasional and rare consumption were. In another meta-analysis of 16 cross-sectional studies on skipping breakfast and OW and OB amongst 59 328 children or adolescents aged 6 to 20 years from Europe, the authors concluded that eating breakfast was associated with a reduced risk of OW as well as OB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity in first grade primary school children: A nationwide register‐based study in Iceland

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Although several studies have revealed an association between skipping breakfast and overweight (OW) or obesity (OB) in older children and adolescents, less is known about that association in younger children. The purpose of our study was to assess the association between skipping breakfast and OW/OB in children in the first grade. The sample included 4360 children (51.5% boys) aged 5.6 to 7.4 years who participated in the annual health examination in Iceland during 2016 and 2017, completed by 91% of all first graders in Iceland. Binary logistic regression analysis with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to assess the association between skipping breakfast and OW/OB. Skipping breakfast was assessed as not eating breakfast on the day of the assessment, whereas OW or OB was based on measured height and weight relative to the International Obesity Task Force reference. The final analyses were adjusted for bedtime, well‐being in school, commuting to school and physical activity. 7.2% of the boys (n = 162) and 7.5% of the girls (n = 158) had not eaten breakfast. After multivariable adjustment, a statistically significant association emerged between skipping breakfast and OW/OB in girls (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17‐2.36) but not in boys (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.63‐1.63). Because the study's results suggest an association between skipping breakfast and OW/OB only in first‐grade girls in Iceland, sex‐based differences should be further investigated to inform future strategies for preventing OW and OB in young children.

show abstract

“…Increased food frequency may attenuate postprandial metabolic and endocrine responses to nutrient intake, with the subsequent reduction in insulin secretion. 7 20 Since there is more evidence that skipping meals, especially breakfast, is associated with increasing risk of overnutrition (ie, overweight and obesity) among children, 21 the promotion of a regular food pattern including at least five meals per day should be guaranteed. In addition, the quality and adequate composition of meals must be also promoted to children and, especially, their parents, families and caregivers.…”

Section: Public Health Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal association between food frequency and changes in body mass index: a prospective cohort study

Bernabé‐Ortiz

Carrillo‐Larco

2020

BMJ Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesAnalysing data of the Young Lives Study in Peru, we aimed at assessing the association between daily food frequency and body mass index (BMI) changes between 2006 and 2016.DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective ongoing cohort study.Setting20 sentinel sites in Peru.ParticipantsChildren enrolled in the younger cohort of the Young Lives Study. We used information from the second (2006–2007), third (2009–2010), fourth (2013–2014) and fifth (2016–2017) rounds of the younger cohort in Peru.Primary and secondary outcomesBMI as well as BMI-for-age z-score, both as numerical variables.ResultsData from 1948 children, mean age 4.3 (SD: 0.3) years and 966 (49.6%) women were included at baseline. In multivariable model, lower food consumption frequency was associated with increased BMI and BMI-for-age z-scores: children reporting <4 times of food consumption per day had a greater increase in BMI (β=0.39; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.62) and BMI-for-age z-score (β=0.07; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.13) compared with those reporting 5 per day. Results were consistent for those reporting exactly eating 4 times per day (β for BMI=0.16; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.30 and β for BMI-for-age z-score=0.05; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.09).ConclusionsChildren who eat <5 times per day, gain more BMI compared with those who eat ≥5 times. Parents should receive information to secure adequate nutrition for their children, both in terms of quality and quantity.

show abstract

The link between breakfast skipping and overweigh/obesity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Cited by 73 publications

References 21 publications

Dietary Patterns of Breakfast Consumption Among Chilean University Students

Dietary Patterns of Breakfast Consumption Among Chilean University Students

Breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity in first grade primary school children: A nationwide register‐based study in Iceland

Longitudinal association between food frequency and changes in body mass index: a prospective cohort study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About