The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene

Satira, Antonella; Espro, Claudia; Paone, Emilia; Calabrò, Paolo S.; Pagliaro, Mario; Ciriminna, Rosaria; Mauriello, Francesco

doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0377.v1

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 77 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…These compounds have been revealed previously as potent antioxidants (30,36). These molecules act as reducing agents, hydrogen donors, and metal chelating potentials (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Chemical composition of essential oils of Citrus limon peel from three Moroccan regions and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and dermatoprotective properties

Aboubi

Hdech²,

Bikri

et al. 2022

J Herbmed Pharmacol

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Introduction: The current study aimed to explore the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and dermatoprotective properties of lemon peel essential oil (EO). Methods: The chemical composition of lemon EOs extracted from the lemon of three cities in Morocco was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antioxidant property was estimated by two complementary tests: Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the inhibition of albumin denaturation and proteinase. Inhibitory properties of α-glucosidase and α-amylase were used to reveal the antidiabetic activity of lemon peel EOs. Dermatoprotective property was evaluated by the tyrosinase inhibition method. Results: In addition to high amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids, GC-MS analysis of lemon peel EOs demonstrated the presence of D-limonene, β–pinene, and γ-terpinene as the main compounds in the three samples studied. Lemon peel EOs exhibited significant antioxidant activities by IC50 values ranging from 40.57 µg/mL to 100.22 µg/mL and 113.63 µg/mL to 180.90 µg/mL obtained by DPPH and FRAP tests, respectively. in vitro inhibition of enzymes involved in inflammatory response revealed that lemon peel EOs presented remarkable inhibitory activities against albumin denaturation (230.48 µg/mL>IC50<341.13 µg/mL) and proteinase (199.70 µg/mL>IC50<307.05 µg/mL). Moreover, lemon peel EOs demonstrated powerful inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with various IC50 values (1689.06 µg/ mL>IC50>4000 µg/mL and 1021.58 µg/mL>C50<2467.62 µg/mL), respectively. These EOs also revealed significant inhibition of tyrosinase with IC50 values ranging from 248.42 μg/ mL to 378.02 μg/mL. Conclusion: These results revealed that lemon peel EOs might constitute a new product with beneficial biological abilities against the mentioned complications.

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“…These compounds have been revealed previously as potent antioxidants (30,36). These molecules act as reducing agents, hydrogen donors, and metal chelating potentials (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Chemical composition of essential oils of Citrus limon peel from three Moroccan regions and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and dermatoprotective properties

Aboubi

Hdech²,

Bikri

et al. 2022

J Herbmed Pharmacol

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Fractionation of orange lignocellulosic biomass and optimization of distinct methods for oil extraction

Müller,

Nascimento dos Santos,

Ugalde

et al. 2024

International Journal of Food Engineering

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Annually, amounts of orange waste are directed into the environment. The orange waste oil is a potential source of compounds of interest and alternatives have been explored to highlight their potential. Appropriately, this study investigated the effects of oil extraction processes involving pressurized liquids (PLE) and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) on orange residues. The results were compared with the standard Soxhlet procedure. The optimization of the operational parameters was established based on the adjustment of different process conditions for pressure (150 and 350 bar), extraction time (20 and 60 min), and temperature (40 and 60 °C). The results indicated that the maximum oil yields for orange peel and pomace were 37.76 % and 43.39 %, respectively, for the PLE approach. The SC-CO2 expressed maximum yields of up to 0.50 % and 0.38 % for peel and pomace, respectively. The GC-MS analysis reported the concentration of bioactive compounds after the distinct extraction methods.

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Hydrothermal Carbonization as Sustainable Process for the Complete Upgrading of Orange Peel Waste into Value-Added Chemicals and Bio-Carbon Materials

et al. 2021

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In this study, a simple and green protocol to obtain hydrochar and high-added value products, mainly 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), furfural (FU), levulinic acid (LA) and alkyl levulinates, by using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of orange peel waste (OPW) is presented. Process variables, such as reaction temperature (180–300 °C), reaction time (60–300 min), biomass:water ratio and initial pH were investigated in order to find the optimum conditions that maximize both the yields of solid hydrochar and 5-HMF and levulinates in the bio-oil. Data obtained evidence that the highest yield of hydrochar is obtained at a 210 °C reaction temperature, 180 min residence time, 6/1 w/w orange peel waste to water ratio and a 3.6 initial pH. The bio-products distribution strongly depends on the applied reaction conditions. Overall, 180 °C was found to be the best reaction temperature that maximizes the production of furfural and 5-HMF in the presence of pure water as a reaction medium.

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The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene

Cited by 8 publications

References 77 publications

Chemical composition of essential oils of Citrus limon peel from three Moroccan regions and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and dermatoprotective properties

Chemical composition of essential oils of Citrus limon peel from three Moroccan regions and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and dermatoprotective properties

Fractionation of orange lignocellulosic biomass and optimization of distinct methods for oil extraction

Hydrothermal Carbonization as Sustainable Process for the Complete Upgrading of Orange Peel Waste into Value-Added Chemicals and Bio-Carbon Materials

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