The Limnology of Toolik Lake

O’Brien, W. John; Bahr, Michele; Hershey, Anne E.; Hobbie, John E.; Kipphut, George W.; Kling, George W.; Kling, Hedy; McDonald, Michael E.; Miller, Michael C.; Rublee, Parke A.; Vestal, J. Robie

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0677-4_3

Cited by 39 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The lake has a surface area of 149 ha with a maximum depth of 25 m and a mean depth of 7 m. The major inflow comes in the spring from snowmelt; there are approximately 90 ice-free days per year. DOC (dissolved organic carbon) is typically 575 pm01 1-' (O'Brien et al 1996). The numbers of bacteria in the water column, measured by direct count, range from 0.5 to 1.5 X 106 ml-' (Hobbie et al 1978).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial diversity in an arctic lake: a freshwater SAR11 cluster

Bahr¹,

Je²,

Ml³

1996

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

102

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We used molecular techniques to assess the phylogenetlc afflnlty of cultured and uncultured m~croorganis~ns from Toolik Lake, an ol~gotrophic lake In a r c t~c Alaska USA The phylogenetlc positions of cloned cultures of bacteria were determined by sequence analysls of PCR ampl~fled ribosomal RNA genes The Toollk Lake bacterial isolates showed a high degree of slmllarlty, 0 94 to 0 99, to a wlde variety of phyla that are well represented in the ribosomal RNA database The occurrence of species normally associated with a terrestrial habltat (Arthrobacter globiforn~is and B~~r k h o l d e n a solanacearum) or a more nutrient-rich environment (Cytophaga aquatills and Zoogloea r a m~y e r a ) suggests a particle-associated origln for these cell types consistent with the fact that w e used an unflltered sample In contrast, the analysls of rRNA genes cloned from a complex natural DNA community indlcated the predominance of beta-proteobacteria closely related to the rRNA hamology group I1 pseudomonads Alcalrgenes eutrophus and Pseudomonaspickett~l However, 2 of therRNA g e n e clones are deeply branching relatives (s~rnllarity = 0 88) of the alpha-proteobacteria SARI 1 cluster, previously detected only In marine environments Thls finding lndlcates a widespread aquatic dlstnbutlon for thls recently descnbed group KEY WORDS: Bactel-]a 1 6 s rRNA. Arctic. SARll

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial diversity in an arctic lake: a freshwater SAR11 cluster

Bahr¹,

Je²,

Ml³

1996

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

102

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“…is a small lake north of the Brooks range in Alaska. For the past 25 years it has been the focus of arctic studies [O'Brien et al, 1997], being the site of the U.S. Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) station. Toolik Lake has a surface area of 1.5 km 2 , an average depth of 7 m, and a maximum depth of 25 m [O'Brien et al, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the past 25 years it has been the focus of arctic studies [O'Brien et al, 1997], being the site of the U.S. Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) station. Toolik Lake has a surface area of 1.5 km 2 , an average depth of 7 m, and a maximum depth of 25 m [O'Brien et al, 1997]. The main inlet to the lake provides an inflow of 125 Á 10 3 m 3 d À1 , which is 71% of the total inflow [O'Brien et al, 1997] (measured between 13 May and 31 August 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toolik Lake has a surface area of 1.5 km 2 , an average depth of 7 m, and a maximum depth of 25 m [O'Brien et al, 1997]. The main inlet to the lake provides an inflow of 125 Á 10 3 m 3 d À1 , which is 71% of the total inflow [O'Brien et al, 1997] (measured between 13 May and 31 August 1980). The high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (%5-7 mg L À1 ) reduce penetration of irradiance in the water with a typical attenuation coefficient of 0.5 m À1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes in Toolik Lake are dominated by river inflow and outflow, groundwater inputs, and gas evasion to the atmosphere [O'Brien et al, 1997]. The river and groundwater inputs are supersaturated in CO 2 with respect to the atmosphere, and gas evasion averaged %420 mg C m À2 d À1 during the open water period of the year of about 100-120 days [Kling et al, 1991[Kling et al, , 1992.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO₂ exchange between air and water in an Arctic Alaskan and midlatitude Swiss lake: Importance of convective mixing

et al. 2003

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[1] CO 2 exchange between lake water and the atmosphere was investigated at Toolik Lake (Alaska) and Soppensee (Switzerland) employing the eddy covariance (EC) method. The results obtained from three field campaigns at the two sites indicate the importance of convection in the lake in driving gas flux across the water-air interface. Measurements were performed during short (1-3 day) periods with observed diurnal changes between stratified and convective conditions in the lakes. Over Toolik Lake the EC net CO 2 efflux was 114 ± 33 mg C m À2 d À1 , which compares well with the 131 ± 2 mg C m À2 d À1 estimated by a boundary layer model (BLM) and the 153 ± 3 mg C m À2 d À1 obtained with a surface renewal model (SRM). Floating chamber measurements, however, indicated a net efflux of 365 ± 61 mg C m À2 d À1 , which is more than double the EC fluxes measured at the corresponding times (150 ± 78 mg C m À2 d À1 ). The differences between continous (EC, SRM, and BLM) and episodic (chamber) flux determination indicate that the chamber measurements might be biased depending on the chosen sampling interval. Significantly smaller fluxes ( p < 0.06) were found during stratified periods (51 ± 42 mg C m À2 d À1 ) than were found during convective periods (150 ± 45 mg C m À2 d À1 ) by the EC method, but not by the BLM. However, the congruence between average values obtained by the models and EC supports the use of both methods, but EC measurements and the SRM provide more insight into the physical-biological processes affecting gas flux. Over Soppensee, the daily net efflux from the lake was 289 ± 153 mg C m À2 d À1 during the measuring period. Flux differences were significant ( p < 0.002) between stratified periods (240 ± 82 mg C m À2 d À1 ) and periods with penetrative convection (1117 ± 236 mg C m À2 d À1 ) but insignificant if convection in the lake was weak and nonpenetrative. Our data indicate the importance of periods of heat loss and convective mixing to the process of gas exchange across the water surface, and calculations of gas transfer velocity using the surface renewal model support our observations. Future studies should employ the EC method in order to obtain essential data for process-scale investigations. Measurements should be extended to cover the full season from thaw to freeze, thereby integrating data over stratified and convective periods. Thus the statistical confidence in the seasonal budgets of CO 2 and other trace gases that are exchanged across lake surfaces could be increased considerably.

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Physical and chemical characteristics of lakes across heterogeneous landscapes in arctic and subarctic Alaska

et al. 2017

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Lakes are an important component of high‐latitude regions, providing habitat for fish and wildlife and playing a critical role in biogeochemical and global carbon cycles. High‐latitude lakes are sensitive to climate change, in part due to their development within permafrost soils. Considerable heterogeneity exists across arctic and subarctic landscapes, yet little is known about how this landscape variability influences chemical and physical attributes of lakes. We investigated the physical and chemical limnology of 617 lakes in Alaska's boreal forest and boreal‐arctic transition zone. We categorized lakes into 10 basin types based on parent material, topography, genesis, and permafrost characteristics. Physical parameters varied across lake basin types, with the deepest lakes occurring in ice‐poor glacial deposits and ice‐rich terrain, while the shallowest lakes were observed in floodplain deposits and coastal lowlands. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations were generally low across all landscapes, whereas total N and P were highest in lakes underlain by ice‐rich Pleistocene loess. Total N and P concentrations were significantly correlated with chlorophyll a, indicating a possible colimitation of primary productivity in these systems. Base cation concentrations helped elucidate lake basin hydrology and the relative influence of shallow versus deep groundwater inputs to surface water. Using these results, we developed a simple conceptual model for each lake and landscape type based on differences in physical and chemical parameters. Overall, we expect that the vulnerability of lake ecosystems to climate change will vary across lake basin types and will be mediated by spatial patterns in permafrost characteristics and subsurface hydrology.

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The Limnology of Toolik Lake

Cited by 39 publications

References 53 publications

Bacterial diversity in an arctic lake: a freshwater SAR11 cluster

Bacterial diversity in an arctic lake: a freshwater SAR11 cluster

CO₂ exchange between air and water in an Arctic Alaskan and midlatitude Swiss lake: Importance of convective mixing

Physical and chemical characteristics of lakes across heterogeneous landscapes in arctic and subarctic Alaska

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The Limnology of Toolik Lake

Cited by 39 publications

References 53 publications

Bacterial diversity in an arctic lake: a freshwater SAR11 cluster

Bacterial diversity in an arctic lake: a freshwater SAR11 cluster

CO2 exchange between air and water in an Arctic Alaskan and midlatitude Swiss lake: Importance of convective mixing

Physical and chemical characteristics of lakes across heterogeneous landscapes in arctic and subarctic Alaska

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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CO₂ exchange between air and water in an Arctic Alaskan and midlatitude Swiss lake: Importance of convective mixing