The Limiting Effect of Disease Resistance on Yield

Smedegaard‐Petersen, V.

doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.23.1.475

Cited by 32 publications

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“…Another possibility is that seedlings may be directing their resources towards defence against infection by A. psidii at the expense of allocating resources towards growth, consistent with the "Growth-differentiation balance hypothesis" (Herms & Mattson 1992;Hoffland et al 1996). Previous studies have suggested that when plants detect a pathogen, a series of responses are induced that require allocation of resources, sometimes without showing external reactions (Smedegaard-Petersen & Tolstrup 1985). Although B. linifolia did not show visible symptoms or signs of infection in either of the two experiments, it is known to be susceptible to A. psidii infection (Dr G. Pegg 2015, pers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Impacts of the invasive fungusAustropuccinia psidii(myrtle rust) on three Australian Myrtaceae species of coastal swamp woodland

et al. 2017

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Exotic fungal pathogens can substantially affect individuals and populations of susceptible native plant species, potentially resulting in changes in community structure and composition. Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) is a pathogenic fungus native to South America that affects species in the plant family Myrtaceae. The pathogen was introduced accidentally to Australia and first detected in NSW in April 2010. Ecological impacts have been poorly studied in the native range of A. psidii and even less in its Australian introduced range. In order to assess the potential impact of A. psidii on coastal swamp woodland, two glasshouse experiments were conducted using three co-occurring species: Melaleuca quinquenervia, Leptospermum laevigatum and Baeckea linifolia. Plants of each species were grown individually (Experiment 1) and in mixed species assemblages (Experiment 2), with half inoculated with A. psidii and the other half remaining as controls. Infection level was assessed and impact on seedling survival and growth recorded. In both experiments L. laevigatum and M. quinquenervia seedlings were heavily infected and showed high degrees of susceptibility with negative effects on growth (height, biomass and number of leaves). In contrast, no B. linifolia seedling presented visible symptoms of disease, although seedlings showed reduced growth. Melaleuca quinquenervia seedlings had greater infection levels and suffered greater growth reductions than L. laevigatum in both experiments. However, there was no significant difference in the relative abundance of the three species in the mixed-species experiment. This study provides a better understanding of the potential impacts of A. psidii in this vegetation community and has significant implications for the conservation and management of Australian Myrtaceae-dominated plant communities generally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Impacts of the invasive fungusAustropuccinia psidii(myrtle rust) on three Australian Myrtaceae species of coastal swamp woodland

et al. 2017

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“…The significant down-regulation of genes relevant to cell division and development in Fusarium-infected pistils provides an informative group of candidates in which to elucidate the basis of reduced seed set resulting from FHB as well as growth inhibition triggered by immunity (Smedegaard-Petersen and Tolstrup, 1985;Tian et al, 2003). Initially, it was proposed that the growthimmunity tradeoff reflects competition for available energy resources and nutrients that, when limited, cannot be allocated to both processes simultaneously.…”

Section: The Transcriptomics Of Arabidopsis Pistil Infection Providesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities between Reproductive and Immune Pistil Transcriptomes of Arabidopsis Species

et al. 2017

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-9468-6335 (M.M.-P.); 0000-0001-6442-4302 (T.D.).Independent lines of evidence suggest that members from ancient and polymorphic gene families such as defensins and receptor-like kinases mediate intercellular communication during both the immune response and reproduction. Here, we report a large-scale analysis to investigate the extent of overlap between these processes by comparing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pistil transcriptomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis halleri during self-pollination and interspecific pollination and during infection with Fusarium graminearum. In both Arabidopsis species, the largest number of DEGs was identified in infected pistils, where genes encoding regulators of cell division and development were most frequently downregulated. Comparison of DEGs between infection and various pollination conditions showed that up to 79% of down-regulated genes are shared between conditions and include especially defensin-like genes. Interspecific pollination of A. thaliana significantly up-regulated thionins and defensins. The significant overrepresentation of similar groups of DEGs in the transcriptomes of reproductive and immune responses of the pistil makes it a prime system in which to study the consequences of plantpathogen interactions on fertility and the evolution of intercellular communication in pollination.

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“…Treatments, not followed by the same letter are significantly different (p < 0.05). ascribed to stimulation of phyllosphere saprophytic micro-organisms by SmedegaardPetersen (1982) and Smedegaard-Petersen and Tolstrup (1985) who measured significant increases of 0 2 consumption by leaves of barley, 12-24 hours after inoculation with saprophytic Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria alternata.…”

Section: ) C ( ---------) D ( ---) and E ( ----)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of damage in winter wheat caused by the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. 1. Quantification of the effects of honeydew on gas exchange of leaves and aphid populations of different size on crop growth

Rossing

Wiel

1990

Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology

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Damage in winter wheat caused by the grain aphid Sitobion avenae F., was studied in the laboratory and at field level.Honeydew substitute solution was applied to flag leaves of winter wheat plants. One and fifteen days after application, the rates of net carbon dioxide assimilation and transpiration were measured. The rate of dark respiration was significantly higher one day after application of honeydew substitute as compared to the control. Other parameters describing the carbon dioxide -light response were not significantly affected. Fifteen days after honeydew substitute application, the two experimental years yielded different results. Under hot and dry conditions, the rate of dark respiration was higher while the rate of carbon dioxide assimilation at high irradiance, the mesophyll conductance and the leaf nitrogen content were lower than for the untreated control. In addition, chlorotic symptoms were visible. At moderate temperature and relative humidity, the initial light use efficiency was significantly lower fifteen days after treatment with honeydew substitute whereas other parameters were not significantly affected.In field experiments at two locations natural aphid populations consisting of mainly S. ave11ae were treated weekly with an aphicide from crop development stages DC 71, 73, 75 and 77, respectively, to create infestations of different size and duration. In the unsprayed controls densities reached 15.8 and 44.4 aphids per tiller, amounting to 182 and 544 aphid-days, respectively. Crop samples were analysed weekly, starting at flowering. At the smaller natural infestation, no significant effect on any yield component nor on yield was found at any treatment. The larger infestation caused a significant reduction of leaf area index, leaf weight, amount of water-soluble carbohydrates and grain weight on various sample dates when the infestation was not sprayed before DC 75. No effects were found on tiller and grain density nor on nitrogen content of plant parts at harvest.

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The Limiting Effect of Disease Resistance on Yield

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Impacts of the invasive fungusAustropuccinia psidii(myrtle rust) on three Australian Myrtaceae species of coastal swamp woodland

Impacts of the invasive fungusAustropuccinia psidii(myrtle rust) on three Australian Myrtaceae species of coastal swamp woodland

Similarities between Reproductive and Immune Pistil Transcriptomes of Arabidopsis Species

Simulation of damage in winter wheat caused by the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. 1. Quantification of the effects of honeydew on gas exchange of leaves and aphid populations of different size on crop growth

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