The Limitations of Social Research

Shipman, M. D.

doi:10.4324/9781315840727

Cited by 57 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In grounded theory, the researcher plays an active and invasive role in data collection, and respondents are often concerned with their privacy (Stake 2010). Personal interviewing or observation may cause reactance in participants through the observer effect, the notion that the knowledge one is being studied alters ones responses and behaviours (Shipman 1988). Accordingly, when seeking to build theory on topics where reactivity is likely to be most pronounced 8 J.S.…”

Section: Substantive Research Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative sales research: an exposition of grounded theory

Johnson

2014

Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management

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Section: Substantive Research Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative sales research: an exposition of grounded theory

Johnson

2014

Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management

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“…This allowed multiple research methods and data collection from multiple sources using a variety of techniques, for example workshops and documents. Case studies have the benefit of keeping attention focused on contexts, and are very suitable for aiding professional practice (Shipman, 1997), in this context the profession of land use planning. As the research questions were 'how' and 'what' questions, case studies are relevant strategies to be employed (Yin, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Methodology for Integrating Tsunami Inundation Modelling into Land Use Planning in New Zealand

Saunders¹,

Prasetya

Leonard

et al. 2014

Planning Practice & Research

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Guidance has been produced for land use planners and decision-makers on how tsunami inundation modelling can be included into land use planning. The process of developing the guideline included exploring the difficulties in integrating physical science models into land use planning with a focus on tsunami. These difficulties included addressing uncertainty and reconciling planners' needs with the capability of the modellers. The guidance was based on two key questions. (1) How can tsunami modelling be incorporated into land use planning? (2) What information do planners need from modellers to improve planning and policy for tsunami? The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the guideline, with the aim of assisting others in producing similar guidance for implementing tsunami modelling into land use planning. The guideline includes tsunami basics, a decision tree for including tsunami risk into land use planning, which forms the basis of the guideline.

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“…In addition to the above general discussion on quality standards in research, which dealt with issues revolving around reliability and validity, more can be said on each of these with regards to this study. Shipman (1982) (as quoted in Gummesson, 1988) states that reliability centers around one main question: "If the investigation had been carried out by someone other than the author, using his methods, would the same results have been obtained?" (p. 146).…”

Section: External Validity/transferability/fittingness Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regards to the validity of this study, we refer the question asked by (Shipman, 1982, as quoted by Gummesson, 1988: "Does the evidence really reflect the reality under examination?" (p. 146).…”

Section: External Validity/transferability/fittingness Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Marketing Communication: A (R)evolutionary Journey from Marketplace to Marketspace

Foster¹

2014

Revolution in Marketing: Market Driving Changes

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This thesis looks back over a ca 10-year period, 1994-2005, on the use of marketing communication tools in industrial markets. The year 1994 is significant in two ways: First, it was the year I was hired as a doctoral student at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. The year is also significant as it is around this time (1994-95) that the Internet became commercialized and openly available for use beyond simple, point-and-click information retrieval. This decade-long journey was broken into two parts: The first part explored the entire industrial marketing communication toolbox, where both personal and nonpersonal tools, as well as the emerging Internet were used for industrial sellers to provide information, as compared to what industrial buyers were using to obtain information. The second part looked at the Internet as a marketing communication tool onto itself. The first part of the study (1994-1998), resulted in a Licentiate thesis entitled "Industrial Marketing Communication: An Empirical Investigation on the Use of Marketing Communication Tools" (Foster, 1998). It is provided here synoptically as Study A. In Study A, industrial sellers and buyers were investigated as to how they utilized all of the marketing communication tools within the industrial marketing communication toolbox. It was found that there was still a heavy reliance on personal, non-commercial forms of marketing communication, primarily personal selling. The non-personal forms of marketing communication, or the "tools" within the compartments of advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing, were also utilized, but not in the same way or to the same degree. The Internet was seen neither as a purely personal nor as only a non-personal form of communication, so it was given its own "compartment" in the toolbox, as highlighted in Study A's conceptual framework as an additional (new) "industrial cyber space" (or area) within the toolbox. Although being utilized at the time by industrial sellers and buyers, primarily via tools such as websites and to a certain degree e-mail, the Internet was considered a little-used but potentially valuable "marketing communication tool of the future." It was this finding that became the foundation and the invitation to investigate the Internet as a marketing communication tool onto itself in "the future." This became the focus of the next phase of the study. The second part of this study picked up where the first part left off and took place during the years 1999-2005. It started with looking at the literature on the use of the Internet in industrial (B2B) markets, and more specifically at the use of websites as industrial marketing communication tools. This in turn became the foundation for Study B in this doctoral thesis, "The Internet as an Industrial Marketing Communication Tool." For various reasons, chief among them the v flexibility with investigating the area at a time when so much was changing and at such a rapid pace, an article format was chosen over continuing on with the m...

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The Limitations of Social Research

Cited by 57 publications

References 1 publication

Qualitative sales research: an exposition of grounded theory

Qualitative sales research: an exposition of grounded theory

A Methodology for Integrating Tsunami Inundation Modelling into Land Use Planning in New Zealand

Industrial Marketing Communication: A (R)evolutionary Journey from Marketplace to Marketspace

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