The Limitation of Two Leafy Mistletoes of the Genus Phoradendron by Low Temperatures

Wagener, Willis W.

doi:10.2307/1932139

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…This would follow the concept of Rediske and Shea (11), who concluded that Arceuthobiurn contributes significantly to its own nutrition and also to that of its host. Similar suggestions have been offered to explain observations made on Viscum (14) and Phoradendron (15 (table VI). Under these conditions no C14 was detected in the sugars but as expected over 75 % of the fixed label was present as malic acid.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The mass of photosynthetic tissue produced by some species of Phoradendron has prompted the speculation that a symbiotic relationship might exist between the true mistletoe and its host. Wagener (15) noted that junipers heavily infected with Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. will often have the entire upper portion of their crown replaced by mistletoe foliage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He concluded that when the functioning mistletoe foliage was killed the very small amount of host foliage remaining was unable to support the crown and it died. Phoradendron infections are frequently found to terminate branches of its host (3,15), that portion of the host branch distal to the site of infection is suppressed andl killed with the proximal portion subsequently "sustained" by the mistletoe.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Aspects of Parasitism in Mistletoes (Arceuthobium and Phoradendron). II. The Photosynthetic Capacity of Mistletoe

Hull

Leonard

1964

Plant Physiol.

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In the preceding paper (7) it was noted that the true mistletoe, Phoradendron, derives very little if any carbohydrate from its host, while the dwarf mistletoe, Arceuithobiutm, draws heavily upon the photosynthate of its host. These findings imply that Phoradendron is capable of furnishing its own energy requirements but say little regarding the extent of dependence of Arceuthobium upon its host for carbohydrates.The aerial shoots of Arceuthobium frequently exhibit an off-green color which Peirce (9) claimed is due to an abundant supply of chlorophyll that is often masked by dark pigments in the epidermal cells. Heinricher (6) described green-colored bodies in the cells of the endophytic system, however, this observation was not confirmed by Peirce (9)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Aspects of Parasitism in Mistletoes (Arceuthobium and Phoradendron). II. The Photosynthetic Capacity of Mistletoe

Hull

Leonard

1964

Plant Physiol.

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“…This correlation suggests that a relationship exists between the greatest number of surviving recruits and a host that is growing in a year (or site) of favorable water status. In addition, the sharp decline in the number of mistletoes older than 10 years of age did not show a correlation to cold winter temperatures as previously suggested (Wagener, 1957;Lightle, Weins, and Hawksworth, 1964;Spooner, 1983 fewer mistletoes are seen in all age classes following years of low summer rainfall. For example, not only were 1976 and 1977 years of lower than normal precipitation, but very little ofthat precipitation came as summer rain.…”

Section: Phoradendron Juniperinumsupporting

confidence: 66%

Age Structure of Phoradendron Juniperinum (Viscaceae), a Xylem‐tapping Mistletoe: Inferences From a Non‐destructive Morphological Index of Age

Dawson

King

Ehleringer

1990

American J of Botany

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We investigated the age-structure of the xylem-tapping mistletoe Phoradendron juniperinum in relation to characteristics of its host tree, Juniperus osteosperma. We first correlated branch structure in the mistletoe with age of the mistletoe infection as determined anatomically; this correlation provided a nondestructive, field method of obtaining age structure information. We then surveyed the mistletoe plants, applying our aging index, within a population of their host trees in southwestern Utah; the majority of mistletoe plants were 2-12 years old. This peak in abundance of mistletoe infections showed no correlation to total annual precipitation within or I year previous to the peaks, minimum winter temperature, or to warmer than average winter temperatures. However, there was a positive correlation (r = 0.5 I, P < 0.06) with the amount of summer precipitation. A log-linear analysis indicated that a greater than expected number of mistletoe infections occurred at 5-7 years of age and at approximately 3 m in height among all host trees. We suggest that this pattern resulted because this canopy position had greater leaf and branch areas and was visited most frequently by seed-dispersing birds. The log-linear analysis also revealed that fewer than expected mistletoe infections occurred at ages older than 10 years, yet our data indicate that plants can reach 20 years of age. The lack of infections> 10 years of age was correlated to a period of below average precipitation, especially during the growing season, but not with cold winter temperatures, which in other studies had been suggested as a factor influencing mortality. We feel that drought may play an important role in influencing mistletoe mortality through its direct affect on host tree water status, but in addition we offer two alternative hypotheses to explain mistletoe longevity; the first is concerned with the relationship between carbon and nitrogen costs and maintaining large leaf areas in older plants, and the second addresses how increased hydraulic resistance in older and larger plants may be too costly for the plant, and stems are abscised. POPULATIONS OF long-lived individuals commonly consist of members of different ages demonstrating different reproductive attributes, ecological characteristics, and/or physiological responses (Harper, 1977;Michod, 1979;Charlesworth, 1980;Sestak, 1985). Clearly then, for organisms with overlapping generations, understanding how the ages are distributed in space and time and in relation I

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“…In northern California, for example, a period of record unseasonable cold in 1932 led to heavy mortality of the parasitic mistletoe species Phoradendron densum, hosted by western juniper. Thus, unseasonable cold may act as a temperature control of parasitic pathogens (Wagener 1957).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of an Extreme Early-Season Freeze Event in the Interior Pacific Northwest (30 October–3 November 2002) on Western Juniper Woodlands

Knapp

Soulé

2005

Journal of Applied Meteorology

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In mid-autumn 2002, an exceptional 5-day cold spell affected much of the interior Pacific Northwest, with minimum temperatures averaging 13°C below long-term means (1953-21)112). On 31 October, minimum temperature records occurred at 98 of the 106 recording stations, with records lowered in some locations by 9°C. Calculation of recurrence intervals of minimum temperatures shows that 50%% of the stations experienced a >500-yr event. The synoptic conditions responsible were the development of a pronounced high pressure ridge over western Canada and an intense low pressure area centered in the Intermountain West that promoted strong northeasterly winds. The cold spell occurred near the end of the growing season for an ecologically critical and dominant tree species of the interior Pacific Northwest--western juniper--and followed an extended period of severe drought. In spring 2003, it became apparent that the cold had caused high rates of tree mortality and canopy dieback in a species that is remarkable for its longevity and resistance to climatic stress. The cold event altered western juniper dominance in some areas, and this alteration may have long-tern impacts on water budgets, fire intensities and frequencies, animal species interrelationships, and interspecific competition among plant species.

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The Limitation of Two Leafy Mistletoes of the Genus Phoradendron by Low Temperatures

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Physiological Aspects of Parasitism in Mistletoes (Arceuthobium and Phoradendron). II. The Photosynthetic Capacity of Mistletoe

Physiological Aspects of Parasitism in Mistletoes (Arceuthobium and Phoradendron). II. The Photosynthetic Capacity of Mistletoe

Age Structure of Phoradendron Juniperinum (Viscaceae), a Xylem‐tapping Mistletoe: Inferences From a Non‐destructive Morphological Index of Age

Impacts of an Extreme Early-Season Freeze Event in the Interior Pacific Northwest (30 October–3 November 2002) on Western Juniper Woodlands

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