The Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction event

Twitchett, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.11.038

Cited by 263 publications

(255 citation statements)

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“…The surviving fauna of the Early Triassic Damodar basin may have undergone a similar reduction in size or 'Lilliput effect' to that found by Urbanek (1993) in Upper Silurian graptoloids. Reduction in body size of several invertebrate and vertebrate taxa in the immediate aftermath of the end-Permian extinction was also documented by Twitchett (2007). Small body size characterized the Early Triassic temnospondyls from Russia (Tverdokhlebov et al, 2002).…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 92%

Preliminary observations on the bone microstructure, growth patterns, and life habits of some Triassic temnospondyls from India

Mukherjee

Ray

Sengupta

2010

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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ABSTRACT-The osteohistology including bone cross-sectional geometry of skeletal elements such as the limb bones, ribs, and intercentra of three Triassic temnospondyl taxa from India were examined to reveal varied bone microstructure and differing growth patterns. The Early Triassic trematosaurid examined is characterized by a change in tissue type from a wellvascularized fibrolamellar bone early in ontogeny to peripheral lamellar bone and lines of arrested growth later in ontogeny, suggesting a fast initial growth followed by a slow and intermittent growth later in life. In contrast, the Middle Triassic paracyclotosaurid and the Late Triassic chigutisaurid examined had a cyclical, overall slow growth, as evidenced from predominance of lamellar bone in the cortex. It is hypothesized that the rapid growth of the trematosaurids was an attempt to stabilize the ecosystem after the Permo-Triassic extinction event. Fibrolamellar bone tissue is described for the first time in a Triassic temnospondyl. Bone cross-sectional geometry, low-to-average cortical porosity, and other parameters imply that the members of the Early and Middle Triassic taxa recovered from India retained a high level of terrestriality. The high cortical porosity and extensive medullary spongiosa suggest that the Late Triassic chigutisaurids had a semi-aquatic or aquatic life style. The varying cortical thickness of the limb bones in paracyclotosaurids may be attributed to different biomechanical constraints.

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Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 92%

Preliminary observations on the bone microstructure, growth patterns, and life habits of some Triassic temnospondyls from India

Mukherjee

Ray

Sengupta

2010

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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“…In the case of the end-Permian mass extinction-the most severe biotic crisis of the Phanerozoic (Raup and Sepkoski 1982)-extinction and size reduction have been attributed, at least in part, to marine anoxia and rapid reduction in atmospheric oxygen concentrations (Huey and Ward 2005;Knoll et al 2007;Retallack et al 2003;Wignall and Hallam 1992;Wignall and Twitchett 1996). In particular, reduction in maximum size among marine gastropods as a whole and within some bivalve, gastropod, and brachiopod lineages has been attributed at least in part to oxygen stress (Fraiser and Bottjer 2004;Payne 2005;Twitchett 2007). Reduction in burrow diameters in sedimentary rocks following the end-Triassic mass extinction has similarly been ascribed to marine anoxia (Barras and Twitchett 2007;Twitchett and Barras 2004).…”

Section: Historical Correlation Between Oxygen and Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary consequences of oxygenic photosynthesis: a body size perspective

et al. 2010

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The high concentration of molecular oxygen in Earth's atmosphere is arguably the most conspicuous and geologically important signature of life. Earth's early atmosphere lacked oxygen; accumulation began after the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria around 3.0-2.5 billion years ago (Gya). Concentrations of oxygen have since varied, first reaching near-modern values ~600 million years ago (Mya). These fluctuations have been hypothesized to constrain many biological patterns, among them the evolution of body size. Here, we review the state of knowledge relating oxygen availability to body size. Laboratory studies increasingly illuminate the mechanisms by which organisms can adapt physiologically to the variation in oxygen availability, but the extent to which these findings can be extrapolated to evolutionary timescales remains poorly understood. Experiments confirm that animal size is limited by experimental hypoxia, but show that plant vegetative growth is enhanced due to

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“…Ac cord ing to the study of Twitchett (2007), all an i mal groups suf fered a size reduc tion af ter the Late Perm ian ex tinc tion event and the body sizes of these an i mal groups re mained low when com pared to those of ear lier Perm ian or later Tri as sic times. These small est sizes of or gan isms are ob served in parvus and isarcisa zones of the ear li est Induan (Twitchett, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of an earliest Triassic, post-extinction foraminiferal assemblage above the Permian-Triassic boundary, Strandzha nappes, northwest Turkey.

Okuyucu¹,

Ivanova²,

Bedi³

et al. 2014

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The Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction event

Cited by 263 publications

References 44 publications

Preliminary observations on the bone microstructure, growth patterns, and life habits of some Triassic temnospondyls from India

Preliminary observations on the bone microstructure, growth patterns, and life habits of some Triassic temnospondyls from India

The evolutionary consequences of oxygenic photosynthesis: a body size perspective

Discovery of an earliest Triassic, post-extinction foraminiferal assemblage above the Permian-Triassic boundary, Strandzha nappes, northwest Turkey.

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