The Lightning Flash

Cooray,

doi:10.1049/pbpo069e

Cited by 73 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…As cycle video recording is already occurring, then, after ac tion of triggering signal, video fragment having duration of about 1.5 s before and 2 s after the instant of trig gering is saved. These parameters are chosen on the bases of statisti cal data related to studies of predischarge processes and lightning discharges [3,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, such devices can be designed at the phase of development of a certain MS. The basic issues for such a design are described below, according to [17].…”

Section: Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For initial calculations, it can be taken h e = 1 m, and then this value can be defined more accurately from ex periments and used as a constant. The output signal v t ( ) in such circuit is [17]:…”

Section: Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…πτ d To obtain accurate measurements of the electric field varying in time, the time constant should be much larger than the total duration of the field waveform. As shown in [17], in order to carry out field measurements with the engineering accuracy, if field waveform duration is about 100 μs, the decay time constant of the measuring system should be of about 1 ms.…”

Section: Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of conception on lightning monitoring system for strikes to structures

Shostak

Prylepa

Kozlov

et al. 2017

TAPR

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Проведено аналіз існуючих систем моніторингу блискавок та попередження про грозову активність. Розроблено концепцію системи моніторингу блискавок, які уражують важливі споруди або відбуваються поблизу них. В ній застосовують засоби відеореєстрації, датчики (електричного і магнітного поля, світлового та звукового сигналів) та компоненти для передавання, накопичення і аналізу інформації щодо розрядів блискавок. Ключові слова: відеореєстрація блискавок, моніторинг блискавок, система моніторингу блискавок, система попереджень про грозу.

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Section: Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, such devices can be designed at the phase of development of a certain MS. The basic issues for such a design are described below, according to [17].…”

Section: Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of conception on lightning monitoring system for strikes to structures

Shostak

Prylepa

Kozlov

et al. 2017

TAPR

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“…The 3-D speeds of VHF radiation sources during RS1 are between 6.86 × 10 7 m/s and 1.90 × 10 8 m/s with the average value of 9.24 × 10 7 m/s. The 3-D speeds of VHF radiation sources during RS3 are from 7.47 × 10 7 m/s to 2.11 × 10 8 m/s with the average value of 1.07 × 10 8 m/s Cooray (2014). summarized a number of studies and found that the average velocity of both first and subsequent RSs along the first kilometer was about 1.0 × 10 8 m/s.…”

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confidence: 99%

Observed Variation of Three‐Dimensional Return Stroke Speeds Along the Channel in Rocket‐Triggered Lightning

Qiu

Shi

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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An improved very high frequency location system, multiple antenna radiation continuous observation system (MARCOS), is combined with high‐speed video observation to explore radiation source evolution during return stroke (RS) stages in triggered lightning. A three‐dimensional (3‐D) channel reconstruction is performed for speed measurement of the RS processes. The 3‐D average speeds for the two selected strokes (RS1 and RS3) over the bottom channel within 1 km are 9.24 × 107 m/s and 1.07 × 108 m/s, respectively. The high temporal‐spatial resolution of MARCOS permits thorough examination of the speed variation. Our observation shows that the 3‐D RS speeds of both RS1 and RS3 are increased initially with height for the first several hundred meters, maximized, and then decreased with height. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence regarding nonmonotonic 3‐D RS speed variation in triggered lightning.

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Analysis of lightning electromagnetic field propagation in mountainous terrain and its effects on ToA‐based lightning location systems

Azadifar

Rachidi

et al. 2016

JGR Atmospheres

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In this paper, we analyze the propagation effects on lightning-radiated electromagnetic fields over mountainous terrain by using a three-dimensional (3-D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. We also discuss the time delay error in the time-of-arrival (ToA) technique currently used to locate lightning in detection networks, specifically. Furthermore, the accuracy of different approximate methods presented in the literature is discussed and tested by using our 3-D FDTD method. It is found that (1) the time delays and amplitudes of the lightning-radiated electromagnetic fields can be significantly affected by the presence of a mountainous terrain and associated diffraction phenomena; (2) for a finitely conducting ground, the time delay shows a slight increase with the increase of the observation distance, but the time delay resulting from the finite ground conductivity appears to be smaller than that caused by the mountainous terrain; and (3) the timing error associated with the ToA technique depends on the threshold times. Threshold times of 10% and 20% of the peak provide very similar results compared to those corresponding to the peak of the first derivative of the magnetic field, and the threshold time exceeds 50% of the initial rising amplitude of the signal. Furthermore, we have assessed the accuracy of two simplified methods (terrain-envelope method and tight-terrain fit method) to account for the time delays resulting from the propagation in a mountainous terrain. It is found that both methods result in time delays that are in reasonable agreement but always overestimating the results obtained using the full-wave 3-D FDTD approach for the perfectly conducting ground. These two methods represent interesting alternatives to account for the time delay over a nonflat terrain using the terrain model.

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The Lightning Flash

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Design of conception on lightning monitoring system for strikes to structures

Design of conception on lightning monitoring system for strikes to structures

Observed Variation of Three‐Dimensional Return Stroke Speeds Along the Channel in Rocket‐Triggered Lightning

Analysis of lightning electromagnetic field propagation in mountainous terrain and its effects on ToA‐based lightning location systems

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