The light pollution as a surrogate for urban population of the US cities

Operti, Felipe G.; Oliveira, Erneson A.; Carmona, Humberto A.; Machado, Javam C.; Andrade, José S.

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2017.11.039

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…We consider MSAs in isolation only when they are not part of a CSA. CSAs have arisen as the best approximation for determining cities [ 5 , 6 , 27 – 31 ]. The resulting list of occupations considered in this study represents 99.99% of national employment according to the occupational employment statistics data produced annually by BLS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small cities face greater impact from automation

Frank

Sun

Cebrián

et al. 2018

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The city has proved to be the most successful form of human agglomeration and provides wide employment opportunities for its dwellers. As advances in robotics and artificial intelligence revive concerns about the impact of automation on jobs, a question looms: how will automation affect employment in cities? Here, we provide a comparative picture of the impact of automation across US urban areas. Small cities will undertake greater adjustments, such as worker displacement and job content substitutions. We demonstrate that large cities exhibit increased occupational and skill specialization due to increased abundance of managerial and technical professions. These occupations are not easily automatable, and, thus, reduce the potential impact of automation in large cities. Our results pass several robustness checks including potential errors in the estimation of occupational automation and subsampling of occupations. Our study provides the first empirical law connecting two societal forces: urban agglomeration and automation's impact on employment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small cities face greater impact from automation

Frank

Sun

Cebrián

et al. 2018

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…On the other hand, if such objects are cities, then the sizes stand for the population of each city, taking into account Zipf’s law and reflecting the fact that there are more small towns than metropolises in the world. We emphasize that it is not straightforward that Zipf’s law, despite its robustness, should hold independently of the city definition, as other scaling relations are not, such as the allometric exponents for CO 2 emissions and light pollution [ 24 , 31 ]. Many other man-made and natural phenomena also exhibit the same persistent result, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A worldwide model for boundaries of urban settlements

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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The shape of urban settlements plays a fundamental role in their sustainable planning. Properly defining the boundaries of cities is challenging and remains an open problem in the science of cities. Here, we propose a worldwide model to define urban settlements beyond their administrative boundaries through a bottom-up approach that takes into account geographical biases intrinsically associated with most societies around the world, and reflected in their different regional growing dynamics. The generality of the model allows one to study the scaling laws of cities at all geographical levels: countries, continents and the entire world. Our definition of cities is robust and holds to one of the most famous results in social sciences: Zipf’s law. According to our results, the largest cities in the world are not in line with what was recently reported by the United Nations. For example, we find that the largest city in the world is an agglomeration of several small settlements close to each other, connecting three large settlements: Alexandria, Cairo and Luxor. Our definition of cities opens the doors to the study of the economy of cities in a systematic way independently of arbitrary definitions that employ administrative boundaries.

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“…Light pollution is deeply associated with urban city limits and population size (Operti et al ., 2018), therefore, as cities expand, increased light pollution is also expected on the boundaries of PAs. Although areas both within and outside PAs have become brighter in the last decades, light intensity within PAs is still much lower than outside.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light pollution is the fastest growing potential threat to firefly conservation in the Atlantic Forest hotspot

Vaz

Manes

Gama-Maia

et al. 2021

Insect Conserv Diversity

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1. In addition to being threatened by habitat loss derived from deforestation and urbanisation, fireflies are further deeply impacted by light pollution, which impairs their unique use of light signals to communicate and track females. The impact of stressors that can lead to declines in firefly populations is poorly known in the southern hemisphere, including the Atlantic Forest where they are especially diverse, associated with lack of knowledge about their distributions.2. Here, we model the potential distribution of the tracker ghost firefly Amydetes fastigiata and investigate whether light pollution, urbanisation and deforestation are increasing over time in this area.3. We found that light pollution is the stressor with the most prominent increase rates over its distribution. Light pollution is significantly increasing in extent and intensity over time, outpassing urbanisation and deforestation which increased at lower rates. Protected areas successfully buffer effects of urbanisation and deforestation, but are incapable to halt the spread of light pollution.4. Increasing light pollution is especially concerning due to the spotlighting behaviour of A. fastigiata to track females through the night, which is imperilled by overshadowing lights. Light pollution trends are increasing fast and should be considered as a significant stressor even within protected areaswhich calls for a reform in regional conservation policies and designation of new areas to be prioritised.5. We presented a framework for the evaluation of threat rates based on species distribution models that can foster future research and assess vulnerabilities of important species facing global change.

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The light pollution as a surrogate for urban population of the US cities

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Small cities face greater impact from automation

Small cities face greater impact from automation

A worldwide model for boundaries of urban settlements

Light pollution is the fastest growing potential threat to firefly conservation in the Atlantic Forest hotspot

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