The life-span trajectory of visual perception of 3D objects

Freud, Erez; Behrmann, Marlene

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11406-7

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For example, while sensitivity to faces is observed even in newborns (Mondloch et al, 1999), this perceptual ability has a prolonged developmental trajectory that lasts even into adulthood (Germine, Duchaine, & Nakayama, 2011). Another instance of a coarse-to-fine grained development trajectory comes from the case of 3D perception: sensitivity to 3D information is evident even in infancy as demonstrated by the seminal visual cliff experiment (Gibson & Walk, 1960), but more refined representations are subject to a protracted developmental trajectory (Freud & Behrmann, 2017;Nishimura et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous developmental investigations have provided evidence for a rapid emergence of visual representations that support perceptual behaviors (e.g., Face perception: de Heering et al, 2008;Depth perception: Soska & Johnson, 2008). However, these representations are coarse in nature, and then increasingly refined in the context of a protracted developmental trajectory (e.g., Freud & Behrmann, 2017;Hadad, Maurer, & Lewis, 2011;Kovacs, Kozma, Feher, & Benedek, 1999;Nishimura, Scherf, Zachariou, Tarr, & Behrmann, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Object complexity modulates the association between action and perception in childhood

Freud

Culham

Namdar

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Vision-for-action and vision-for-perception both rely on shape representations derived within the visual system. Whether the same psychological and neural mechanisms underlie both forms of behavior remain hotly contested and whether this arrangement is equivalent in adults and children is controversial, as well. To address these outstanding questions, we utilized an established psychophysical heuristic, Weber's law, which, in adults, has typically been observed for perceptual judgment tasks but not for actions such as grasping. We examined whether this perception-action dissociation in Weber's law was present in childhood as it is in adulthood and whether it was modulated by stimulus complexity. Two major results emerged. First, although adults evinced visuomotor behavior that violated Weber's law, young children (4.5-6.5 years of age) adhered to Weber's law when they grasped complex objects (Efron blocks), which varied along both the graspable and non-graspable dimensions to maintain a constant surface area, but not when they grasped simple objects, which varied only along the graspable dimension. Second, adherence to Weber's law was found across all ages in the context of a perceptual task. Together, these findings suggest that in early childhood, visuomotor representations are modulated by perceptual representations, particularly when a refined description of object shape is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object complexity modulates the association between action and perception in childhood

Freud

Culham

Namdar

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…One potential source of variability in the coherence of neural responses amongst children may be related to the ongoing developmental changes that occur in perceptual, cognitive, social, and emotional capacities and the supporting neural circuitry. For example, the perception of real-world objects (Freud and Behrmann, 2017) and the neural basis of size constancy of those objects (Nishimura et al, 2015) continues to evolve throughout childhood. The behavioral (Fry and Hale, 2000) and neural (Scherf et al, 2006) basis of working memory, which could influence the amount information children process as they observe and interpret the natural world, also undergo change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes in Neural Networks Supporting Complex Visual and Social Processing in Adolescence

Lerner

Scherf

Katkov

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Despite our differences, there is much about the natural visual world that almost all observers apparently perceive in common. This coherence across observers is evidenced by the finding that, across adults, approximately 30% of the brain is activated in a consistent fashion in response to viewing naturalistic input. The critical question addressed here is how does this consistency emerge and is this pattern of coherence apparent from early in development or does it evolve with time and/or experience? We focused our investigation at a key developmental juncture that might bridge the child and adult patterns, namely, the period of adolescence. We acquired fMRI BOLD data evoked by an 11-minute age-appropriate movie in younger (age 9-14 years) and older adolescents (age 15-19 years) and in adults. Using an intra-subject correlation approach, we characterized the consistency of the neural response within-individual (across two separate runs of the movie), and then, using an inter-subject correlation approach, evaluated the similarity of the response profile within individuals of the same age group and between age-groups. In primary sensory areas (A1+, V1) the response profiles in both groups of adolescents were highly similar to those of the adults, suggesting that these areas are functionally mature at earlier stages of the development. In contrast, some other regions exhibited higher within-age correlations in the adolescent groups than in the adult group. Last, we evaluated the brain responses across the whole cortex and identified the different patterns of maturation as reflected in different inter-subject correlations across the age groups. Together, these findings provide a fine-grained characterization of functional neural development. The approach offers the potential for careful tracking of the development of widespread cortical networks that support the emerging stereotypical responses to naturalistic visual and social stimuli and has important implications for future studies of cortical development.

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“…S1 summarizes group-level performance with respect to accuracy and reaction time, separately). Inverse efficiency has been shown to incorporate varying strategies across participants effectively (31)(32)(33). A summary of group-level responses is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exemplar learning reveals the representational origins of expert category perception

Collins

Behrmann

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Irrespective of whether one has substantial perceptual expertise for a class of stimuli, an observer invariably encounters novel exemplars from this class. To understand how novel exemplars are represented, we examined the extent to which previous experience with a category constrains the acquisition and nature of representation of subsequent exemplars from that category. Participants completed a perceptual training paradigm with either novel other-race faces (category of experience) or novel computer-generated objects (YUFOs) that included pairwise similarity ratings at the beginning, middle, and end of training, and a 20-d visual search training task on a subset of category exemplars. Analyses of pairwise similarity ratings revealed multiple dissociations between the representational spaces for those learning faces and those learning YUFOs. First, representational distance changes were more selective for faces than YUFOs; trained faces exhibited greater magnitude in representational distance change relative to untrained faces, whereas this trained–untrained distance change was much smaller for YUFOs. Second, there was a difference in where the representational distance changes were observed; for faces, representations that were closer together before training exhibited a greater distance change relative to those that were farther apart before training. For YUFOs, however, the distance changes occurred more uniformly across representational space. Last, there was a decrease in dimensionality of the representational space after training on YUFOs, but not after training on faces. Together, these findings demonstrate how previous category experience governs representational patterns of exemplar learning as well as the underlying dimensionality of the representational space.

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The life-span trajectory of visual perception of 3D objects

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Object complexity modulates the association between action and perception in childhood

Object complexity modulates the association between action and perception in childhood

Age-Related Changes in Neural Networks Supporting Complex Visual and Social Processing in Adolescence

Exemplar learning reveals the representational origins of expert category perception

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