The Life History of the Salmon-Poisoning Fluke, Nanophyetus salmincola (Chapin)

Bennington, E. E.; Pratt, Ivan

doi:10.2307/3275341

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trematode N. salmincola infects juvenile salmon as a second intermediate host in fresh water. The encysted metacercariae survive for the life of the salmon (Bennington & Pratt 1960;Farrell, Lloyd & Earp 1964) or until the fish is eaten by the parasite's definitive host, either a mammal (Millemann & Knapp 1970) or piscivorous bird (Farrell et al 1964). Several studies have demonstrated the ability of N. salmincola to increase mortality in infected juvenile salmonids (Baldwin, Milleman & Knapp 1967;Butler & Milleman 1971;Newcomb, Snell & Waknitz 1991;Jacobson et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infections by Renibacterium salmoninarum and Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin are associated with reduced growth of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), in the Northeast Pacific Ocean

Sandell

Teel

Fisher

et al. 2014

Journal of Fish Diseases

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We examined 1454 juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), captured in nearshore waters off the coasts of Washington and Oregon (USA) from 1999 to 2004 for infection by Renibacterium salmoninarum, Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin and skin metacercariae. The prevalence and intensities for each of these infections were established for both yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon. Two metrics of salmon growth, weight residuals and plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, were determined for salmon infected with these pathogens/parasites, both individually and in combination, with uninfected fish used for comparison. Yearling Chinook salmon infected with R. salmoninarum had significantly reduced weight residuals. Chinook salmon infected with skin metacercariae alone did not have significantly reduced growth metrics. Dual infections were not associated with significantly more severe effects on the growth metrics than single infections; the number of triple infections was very low and precluded statistical comparison. Overall, these data suggest that infections by these organisms can be associated with reduced juvenile Chinook salmon growth. Because growth in the first year at sea has been linked to survival for some stocks of Chinook salmon, the infections may therefore play a role in regulating these populations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections by Renibacterium salmoninarum and Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin are associated with reduced growth of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), in the Northeast Pacific Ocean

Sandell

Teel

Fisher

et al. 2014

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Adults of D. aspina (Suborder Hemiurata: Family Derogenidae) infect the stomachs of salmonids, and although the life cycle has not been completely determined, it is almost certain that D. aspina is an autogenic species (McCauley and Pratt 1961). In contrast, sexually mature adults of the allogenic N. salmincola (Suborder Xiphidiata: Family Troglotrematidae) infect the intestines of fish-eating, terrestrial birds and mammals (Bennington and Pratt 1960;Hoffman 1999). Eggs are passed into the freshwater where snails become infected with miracidia and eventually release cercariae.…”

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confidence: 99%

Life Cycles Shape Parasite Evolution: Comparative Population Genetics of Salmon Trematodes

2004

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Abstract. Little is known about what controls effective sizes and migration rates among parasite populations. Such data are important given the medical, veterinary, and economic (e.g., fisheries) impacts of many parasites. The autogenic-allogenic hypothesis, which describes ecological patterns of parasite distribution, provided the foundation on which we studied the effects of life cycles on the distribution of genetic variation within and among parasite populations. The hypothesis states that parasites cycling only in freshwater hosts (autogenic life cycle) will be more limited in their dispersal ability among aquatic habitats than parasites cycling through freshwater and terrestrial hosts (allogenic life cycle). By extending this hypothesis to the level of intraspecific genetic variation, we examined the effects of host dispersal on parasite gene flow. Our a priori prediction was that for a given geographic range, autogenic parasites would have lower gene flow among subpopulations. We compared intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation for three described species of trematodes that infect salmonid fishes. As predicted, autogenic species had much more highly structured populations and much lower gene flow among subpopulations than an allogenic species sampled from the same locations. In addition, a cryptic species was identified for one of the autogenic trematodes. These results show how variation in life cycles can shape parasite evolution by predisposing them to vastly different genetic structures. Thus, we propose that knowledge of parasite life cycles will help predict important evolutionary processes such as speciation, coevolution, and the spread of drug resistance.

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“…The trematode Nanophyetus salmincola is a parasite that uses salmonids as a second intermediate host, remaining in them throughout the life of the fish until ultimately maturing in piscivorous birds and mammals (Bennington and Pratt 1960;Millemann and Knapp 1970a). The distribution of the parasite extends from northern California to the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State (Simms et al 1931).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cumulative Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Stress on Immune Function and Disease Resistance in Juvenile Chinook Salmon

Jacobson

Arkoosh

Kagley

et al. 2003

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health

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Previous studies have shown that juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed in the field or the laboratory to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), an anthropogenic stressor, are immunosuppressed. It is not known whether simultaneous exposure to natural stressors can increase this immunosuppression. To examine the effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors on immune function, we infected juvenile chinook salmon with metacercariae of the trematode Nanophyetus salmincola by exposing the fish to infected freshwater snails Juga plicifera. Infected (Ͼ300 metacercariae per fish) and noninfected salmon were then injected with either the commercial PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 or an acetone-emulphor carrier. B cell function was examined by in vitro hemolytic plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. Nanophyetus salmincola infection resulted in significantly lower anterior kidney primary PFCs and lower splenic secondary PFCs. The combination of N. salmincola infection and Aroclor 1254 exposure caused a lower anterior kidney primary PFC response than did either stressor alone. The immune function of juvenile chinook salmon was also measured by challenging them with the marine bacterium Listonella anguillarum (formerly known as Vibrio anguillarum). Fish infected with N. salmincola had higher mortalities than noninfected fish when challenged with L. anguillarum. These experiments demonstrated that N. salmincola infection in juvenile chinook salmon can impair immune function and disease resistance. The findings also show that in combination these natural and anthropogenic stressors can have a greater negative effect on salmon health than either stressor alone.

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The Life History of the Salmon-Poisoning Fluke, Nanophyetus salmincola (Chapin)

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Infections by Renibacterium salmoninarum and Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin are associated with reduced growth of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), in the Northeast Pacific Ocean

Infections by Renibacterium salmoninarum and Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin are associated with reduced growth of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), in the Northeast Pacific Ocean

Life Cycles Shape Parasite Evolution: Comparative Population Genetics of Salmon Trematodes

Cumulative Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Stress on Immune Function and Disease Resistance in Juvenile Chinook Salmon

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