The Life History of Phyllodistomum staffordi Pearse, 1924 (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae Looss, 1901)

Molecular and karyological identification and morphological description of cystocercous cercariae of Phyllodistomum umblae and Phyllodistomum folium (Digenea, Gorgoderidae) developing in European sphaeriid bivalves

“…Cercaria of P. umblae resembles the cercaria described by Butorina and Sinebokova [9] in the general structure of body and tail and differs in the number of penetration gland-cells (5 vs 6 pairs) and the shape of the stylet (sharp rod with anterolateral thickening vs needle-like, respectively). Our measurements of fixed cercariae of P. umblae fall within the range for P. umblae provided by Butorina and Sinebokova [9] except for the shorter body length Based on the shape of the tail, the cercaria of P. umblae is morphologically similar to the cercariae of four species described from North America, Phyllodistomum staffordi Pearse, 1924 [24], Cercaria wabashensis Coil, 1955 [25], Cercaria raiacauda Steelman, 1938 [26] and Cercaria steelmani Baker, 1943 [27]. However, the cercaria of P. umblae can be readily differentiated from all of them in having fewer penetration gland-cells.…”

The life history and host-parasite relationships of Phyllodistomum staffordi (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae)

“…As this dissertation was in the final stages of preparation, a pub lished account of the life cycle of Phyllodistomum staffordi was presented by Schell (1967). The data presented in this dissertation are in basic agreement with those by Schell but differ in several respects.…”

Chromosome analysis of Phyllodistomum folium (Trematoda, Gorgoderidae) infecting three European populations of zebra mussels

“…Although the genus is very large, containing more than 110 species, life histories have been determined experimentally for only a few species. Species for which life cycles are known utilise bivalves (e.g., Sphaeriidae, Unionidae, and Dreissenidae) as first intermediate hosts and produce cercariae of different types, e.g., rhopalocercous, macrocercous, cystocercous, cercarieum, which can be separated primarily by tail structure (Goodchild 1943;Coil 1954;Thomas 1958;Schell 1967;Wanson and Larson 1972;Ivanciv and Kurandina 1985;Zhokhov 1987). Cercarial Phyllodistomum folium, a cercarieum, was described by Sinitsin (1905) as having a short, stumpy tail which becomes vestigial at the time of the development of gut bifurcation.…”