The Life Histories of Plankton Animals and Seasonal Cycles of Plankton Communities in the Oceans

Heinrich, Andreas

doi:10.1093/icesjms/27.1.15

Cited by 184 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Here, the occurrence of red tide is defined as when the Chl-a concentration of the surface layer of the water increases to levels of more than 10 mg/L. The natural seasonal fluctuation pattern of the abundance of phytoplankton in the water is usually characterized by two annual peaks of Chl-a concentration of the water, which indicates the occurrence of phytoplankton blooming, in early spring and autumn in a year in temperate coastal seas (Heinrich 1962). The seasonal fluctuation patterns of the phytoplankton abundance in the surface layers of the water at the three monitoring stations in the inner parts of Ariake Bay (at Stn A to Stn C, Fig.…”

Section: Three Phytoplankton Blooms In a Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical events in the Ariake Bay ecosystem: Clam population collapse, red tides, and hypoxic bottom water

Tsutsumi

2006

Plankton Benthos Res

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Section: Three Phytoplankton Blooms In a Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical events in the Ariake Bay ecosystem: Clam population collapse, red tides, and hypoxic bottom water

Tsutsumi

2006

Plankton Benthos Res

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“…As originally developed by Russian and Canadian oceanographers, the grazing hypothesis attributed the lack of phytoplankton blooms in the subarctic Pacific to large endemic copepods of the genus Neocalanus (Beklemishev 1957;McAllister et al 1960;Heinrich 1962;Parsons et al 1966).…”

Section: Vast Expanses Of the Global Oceans Including Most Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and grazing constraints on primary production in the central equatorial Pacific: An EqPac synthesis

et al. 1997

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Recent studies in the central equatorial Pacific allow a comprehensive assessment of phytoplankton regulation in a high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) ecosystem. Elemental iron enters the euphotic zone principally via upwelling and is present at concentrations (530 PM) well below the estimated half-saturation constant (120 PM) for the large cells that bloom with iron enrichment. In addition, the meridional trend in quantum yield of photosynthesis suggests that even the dominant small phytoplankton are held below their physiological potential by iron deficiency. Grazing by microzooplankton dominates phytoplankton losses, accounting for virtually all of the measured phytoplankton production during El Nina conditions and -66% during normal upwelling conditions, with mesozooplankton grazing and lateral advection closing the balance. Nitrate uptake is strongly correlated with the pigment biomass of diatoms, which increase in relative abundance during normal upwelling conditions. Nonetheless, the f-ratio remains low (0.07-0.12) under all conditions. Iron budgets are consistent with the notions that new production is determined by the rate of new iron input to the system while total production depends on efficient iron recycling by grazers. Although the limiting substrates differ, the interactions of resource limitation and grazing in HNLC regions are conceptually similar to the generally accepted view for oligotrophic subtropical regions. In both systems, small dominant phytoplankton grow at rapid, but usually less than physiologically maximal, rates; they are cropped to low stable abundances by microzooplankton; and their sustained high rates of growth depend on the remineralized by-products of grazing. 406Landry et al.

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“…Jennings et al (1984) have argued that the silicic acid profile corrected for biogenic silica dissolution can be used in the Weddell Sea to estimate diatom production if winter water silicic acid concentrations are known. The development of a grazing community at high latitudes (4) may be rapid as in the North Pacific or may occur after a time lag as in the North Atlantic (Heinrich 1962). Furthermore, the grazing community may develop at different rates for different components of the phytoplankton community distinguished by class or size.…”

Section: Latitude Latitudementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate and silicic acid in the world ocean: patterns and processes

Kamykowski¹,

Zentara²

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Two world ocean data sets, GEOSECS and NODC, were analyzed for patterns in the nitrate versus silicic acid regression relation. Significant regional nitrate or silicic acid excesses (i.e. amount of one of these plant nutrients remaining in the water after the other is no longer measurable) tend to occur in some areas of upwelling, shallow sills, deep convection or high rainfall/river outflow. The Southern Ocean is unique in the intensity and complexity of projected (regression intercepts on the nitrate [y] or silicic acid [X] axis) excesses. These global nutrient depletion patterns pertain to regional comparisons of phytoplankton succession and thus to the overall character of plankton community structure. Intercept patterns in different areas are affected by the processes that determine absolute nutrient concentrations at the beginning, and their relative decline during, the growth season. The region south of the southern Polar Front is unlque because winter nutrient concentrations are unusually high around Antarctica due to water mass characteristics and because nutrients generally remain unusually abundant over the growth season partly in response to the cycle of incident solar radiation. The patterns in the regression intercepts in this region largely result from variations in the regression slopes which respond to different weightings of the chemical and biological pathways that determine nitrate and silicic acid concentrations in the upper water column. The nitrate and silicic acid profiles in the Southern Ocean contain information on the temporal average of primary production and of nitrogen recycling up to the tlme of sample collection within the growth season. The interpretation of this information depends on the detail to which the processes that determine the water column concentrations of nitrate and silicic acid are known.

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The Life Histories of Plankton Animals and Seasonal Cycles of Plankton Communities in the Oceans

Cited by 184 publications

References 2 publications

Critical events in the Ariake Bay ecosystem: Clam population collapse, red tides, and hypoxic bottom water

Critical events in the Ariake Bay ecosystem: Clam population collapse, red tides, and hypoxic bottom water

Iron and grazing constraints on primary production in the central equatorial Pacific: An EqPac synthesis

Nitrate and silicic acid in the world ocean: patterns and processes

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