The life cycle of seismite research

Loon, A.J. van

doi:10.2478/logos-2014-0005

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Sand dikes and veins are due to earthquake-triggered intrusion of water-saturated sand layers in which an excess pore-water pressure existed. If a shock wave was strong enough to cause liquefaction of the saturated sand, the liquefied sands intruded the surrounding sediments along fissures or micro-faults; these are the most common seismic records in a tectonically active region (Plaziat et al, 1990;Purser et al, 1993;Qiao et al, 1994;Owen, 1996;Pratt, 1998;Du et al, 2001Du et al, , 2005Du et al, , 2008Goffredo et al, 2002;Van Loon, 2009, 2014Van Loon and Su, 2013;Tian et al, 2014).…”

Section: Dikes and Veins Of Liquefied Sandmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Meanwhile, flame structures can form between the load structures as a response to the downward loading of the adjacent loadcasts, because the flame material, derived from the underlying low-density, fine-grained saturated soft argillaceous sediments, is lighter and more ductile. The lower part of the load structures may, when the loading process continues, eventually become separated from the parent layer, giving rise to balls or ellipsoids and to pillows (ball-and-pillow structures) (Moretti et al, 2002;Du et al, 2007Du et al, , 2008Li, 2008, 2009;Van Loon, 2009, 2014Van Loon and Pisarska-Jamroży, 2014;Qiao and Guo, 2013;Qiao et al, 2011;Su et al, 2013;Gong et al, 2013;Tian et al, 2013Tian et al, , 2014. Load and ball-and-pillow structures continued to subside, causing the overlying loaded sand beds to disappear completely and giving rise to pillow beds (Roep and Everts, 1992).…”

Section: Load Structures Flame Structures Ball-and-pillow Structurementioning

confidence: 97%

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Seismites in the Dasheng Group: New evidence of strong tectonic and earthquake activities of the Tanlu Fault Zone

Tian

Loon

Wang³

et al. 2015

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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More than 80 layers of seismites were recognized from the Early Cretaceous Dasheng Group in the Mazhan and Tancheng graben basins in the Tanlu Fault Zone, eastern China. The responsible seismic events took place about 110-100 Ma in the Early Cretaceous. The fault zone was affected at the time by strong tectonics, due to tension-related stretching and scattered squeezing by strike-slip faults. These tectonic activities induced a series of strong earthquakes with Richter magnitudes (M) of 5-8.5. The earthquakes affected saturated or semi-consolidated flood and lake sediments, and produced intra-layer deformations by several processes, including liquefaction, thixotropy, drop, faulting, cracking, filling and folding, which resulted in the formation of various soft-sediment deformation structures, such as dikes and veins of liquefied sand, liquefied breccias, liquefied homogeneous layers, load structures, flame structures, ball-and-pillow structures, boudinage, diapirs, fissure infillings, a giant conglomerate wedge, and syn-sedimentary faults. The seismites are new evidence of tectonic and seismic activities in the Tanlu Fault Zone during the Early Cretaceous; the series of strong seismic events that can be deduced from them must be considered as a response to the destruction of the North China Craton.

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Section: Dikes and Veins Of Liquefied Sandmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Load Structures Flame Structures Ball-and-pillow Structurementioning

confidence: 97%

Seismites in the Dasheng Group: New evidence of strong tectonic and earthquake activities of the Tanlu Fault Zone

Tian

Loon

Wang³

et al. 2015

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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“…The genetic classification of SSDS based on whether or not seismic activity has promoted their formation remains a problem under survey in field studies. Török et al (2017) [17] and Van Loon (2014) [18] concluded that fluidization and liquefaction may play a major role in the genesis of SSDS with little exposure to seismic shocks. This could be true in the cases of the John Hault anticlinal structure resting on a volcaniclastic breccia layer mixed with coal.…”

Section: Origin Of Soft-sediment Deformation Structures In the Mamfementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The local occurrence or weak lateral extension (10-20 m) of the SSDS (load casts, flame structures, anticlinal folds) in the basin may suggest that these structures are likely unrelated to seismic activity. Accordingly, [18,19] states that "non seismic originated SSDS have weak lateral extensions." On the other hand, the rifting and rapid subsidence (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) during the formation of the Mamfe Basin may have been influenced by seismic activity that triggered the occurrence of softsediment deformation structures.…”

Section: Origin Of Soft-sediment Deformation Structures In the Mamfementioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of Clastic Dykes and Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures in the Mamfe Basin, South-West Region, Cameroon: Field Geology Approach

Eric

Ekomane

Takem

et al. 2018

Journal of Geological Research

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This paper aims to investigate the genesis of clastic dykes and soft-sediment deformation structures in the Mamfe Basin, South West-Region, Cameroon. Results from this study portray the following: (1) The clastic dykes are extrusive and were generated from preexisting soft-sediments that penetrate fissures caused by seismic activity. It can be concluded that clastic dykes originate from seismic shacking, probably induced by volcanic-tectonic activity and magmatic dykes that cut across the Precambrian and Cretaceous formations of the Mamfe Basin. (2) The soft-sediment deformation structures (flexures, sheared foliations, anticlinal folds, load casts, and flame structures) are likely triggered by seismic shocks. The inferred influence of seismic activity results from rifting and rapid subsidence of basin-fill during the Cretaceous. Some of these soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) are induced by fluidization and liquefaction triggered by rapid sedimentation within tectonically active settings, as well as density variations illustrated by local occurrence of load casts with weak lateral extensions. (3) The synsedimentary features (joints, faults, filled fractures) are related to local stress triggered by gravitational sliding, because the fractures were filled by unconsolidated clastic materials.

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“…The driving forces of deformation mechanisms include the tectonism, gravity acting on slopes, disequilibrium loading caused by topographical irregularities in the sediment-water interface, gravitational instabilities due to a reverse density gradient where denser sediments overlie less dense sediments, shear waves or other currents, and biological and chemical agents [14,15,18,[27][28][29]. The various morphology and deformation styles of the SSDSs can be formed with respect to sedimentation in different lithology, driving forces, sediment rheology and deformation mechanisms of the deformation [20,27,[30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Genetic Mechanisms Of Soft-sediment Deformation Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Sediment Deformation Structures Triggered by the Earthquakes: Response to the High Frequent Tectonic Events during the Main Tectonic Movements

He¹,

Qiao²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Tectonics - Problems of Regional Settings

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Typical cases of the soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDSs), triggered by the modern earthquakes to the oldest of paleo-earthquakes in the Mesoproterozoic, have been observed in China. These deformation structures have various geometry morphology, different interior structural architectures and sediment compositions, in centimetre to metre-scales. They are intercalated with the undeformed layers, which are composed of similar sediments of lithology and sedimentary environments. SSDSs are formed during sediments deposited but incompletely consolidated. And they exist in different periods and are closely related to the active or paleo-active faults. They occur nearby the faults and usually have the characteristics nearer to the faults and more. And they distribute parallel to the trending of the active faults and have the characters of the vertical duplication. They have responded to the high-frequency activity of different faults in tectonic movement and are the perfect records of the paleo-active faults.

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The life cycle of seismite research

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

Seismites in the Dasheng Group: New evidence of strong tectonic and earthquake activities of the Tanlu Fault Zone

Seismites in the Dasheng Group: New evidence of strong tectonic and earthquake activities of the Tanlu Fault Zone

Genesis of Clastic Dykes and Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures in the Mamfe Basin, South-West Region, Cameroon: Field Geology Approach

Soft Sediment Deformation Structures Triggered by the Earthquakes: Response to the High Frequent Tectonic Events during the Main Tectonic Movements

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