http://www.eje.cz Gomphid dragonfl ies typically occur in streams and rivers, where larvae of the genus Onychogomphus Selys, 1854 live as burrowers, O. uncatus in sand, gravel and between stones (Suhling & Müller, 1996). The aeshnid Boyeria irene (Fonscolombe, 1838) also develops in streams, but its larvae live as claspers on the bottoms of streams. Except in the early stadia they are dark and uniform in colour, and exhibit refl ex immobilization (Robert, 1958; Corbet, 1999). Both B. irene and Onychogomphus uncatus (Charpentier, 1840) range from Central Europe to northern Africa, and some western Mediterranean islands (Askew, 2004; Boudot & Dommanget, 2015; Boudot et al., 2015); but O. uncatus was last recorded on the borders of Switzerland and Germany more than twenty years ago, and B. irene persists only in one or two populations in Germany (Suhling & Müller, 1996; Clausnitzer et al., 2010). In the broad sense both are restricted to the western Mediterranean (Ferreras-Romero, 1999; Boudot et al., 2009). Information on the life cycles of B. irene and O. uncatus throughout their distributions is relatively scarce. In southern Spain B. irene is mainly a semivoltine "summer species"