The lichen genus Usnea Dill. ex Adans. in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

Гагарина, Л. В.; Poryadina, L. N.; Chesnokov, S. V.; Konoreva, L. A.

doi:10.17581/bp.2017.06107

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Usnea hirta is one of the presumably most widespread species in the genus with reports from all major areas in North and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania (Mies 1989;Halonen et al 1998;Elix & McCarthy 1998Fos & Clerc 2000;Calvelo & Liberatore 2002;Articus et al 2002;Bjerke et al 2006;Clerc 2007;Randlane et al 2009;Kelly et al 2011;Saag et al 2011;Shrestha et al 2012;Noer et al 2013;Santiago et al 2013;Myllys et al 2014;Burkin & Kononenko 2015;Shukla et al 2015;Herrera-Campos 2016;Paliya et al 2016;Gagarina et al 2017;Galinato et al 2017Galinato et al , 2018Bungartz et al 2018;Esslinger 2019). All accessions in this strongly supported clade were from Europe (Articus et al 2002;Kelly et al 2011;Saag et al 2011;Millanes et al 2014;Araujo 2016).…”

Section: Usnea Subgenus Neuropogon New Zealand Cladementioning

confidence: 99%

Two decades of DNA barcoding in the genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae): how useful and reliable is the ITS?

Lücking¹,

Nadel²,

Araújo³

et al. 2020

Plant and Fungal Systematics

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We present an exhaustive analysis of the ITS barcoding marker in the genus Usnea s.lat., separated into Dolichousnea, Eumitria, and Usnea including the subgenus Neuropogon, analyzing 1,751 accessions. We found only a few low-quality accessions, whereas information on voucher specimens and accuracy and precision of identifications was of subpar quality for many accessions. We provide an updated voucher table, alignment and phylogenetic tree to facilitate DNA barcoding of Usnea, either locally or through curated databases such as UNITE. Taxonomic and geographic coverage was moderate: while Dolichousnea and subgenus Neuropogon were well-represented among ITS data, sampling for Eumitria and Usnea s.str. was sparse and biased towards certain lineages and geographic regions, such as Antarctica, Europe, and South America. North America, Africa, Asia and Oceania were undersampled. A peculiar situation arose with New Zealand, represented by a large amount of ITS accessions from across both major islands, but most of them left unidentified. The species pair Usnea antarctica vs. U. aurantiacoatra was the most sampled clade, including numerous ITS accessions from taxonomic and ecological studies. However, published analyses of highly resolved microsatellite and RADseq markers showed that ITS was not able to properly resolve the two species present in this complex. While lack of resolution appears to be an issue with ITS in recently evolving species complexes, we did not find evidence for gene duplication (paralogs) or hybridization for this marker. Comparison with other markers demonstrated that particularly IGS and RPB1 are useful to complement ITS-based phylogenies. Both IGS and RPB1 provided better backbone resolution and support than ITS; while IGS also showed better resolution and support at species level, RPB1 was less resolved and delineated for larger species complexes. The nuLSU was of limited use, providing neither resolution nor backbone support. The other three commonly employed protein-coding markers, TUB2, RPB2, and MCM7, showed variable evidence of possible gene duplication and paralog formation, particularly in the MCM7, and these markers should be used with care, especially in multimarker coalescence approaches. A substantial challenge was provided by difficult morphospecies that did not form coherent clades with ITS or other markers, suggesting various levels of cryptic speciation, the most notorious example being the U. cornuta complex. In these cases, the available data suggest that multimarker approaches using ITS, IGS and RPB1 help to assess distinct lineages. Overall, ITS was found to be a good first approximation to assess species delimitation and recognition in Usnea s.lat., as long as the data are carefully analyzed, and reference sequences are critically assessed and not taken at face value. In difficult groups, we recommend IGS as a secondary barcode marker, with the option to employ more resource-intensive approaches, such as RADseq, in species complexes involving so-called species pairs or other cases of disparate morphology not reflected in the ITS or IGS. Attempts should be made to close taxonomic and geographic gaps especially for the latter two markers, in particular in Eumitria and Usnea s.str. and in the highly diverse areas of North America and Central America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

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Section: Usnea Subgenus Neuropogon New Zealand Cladementioning

confidence: 99%

Two decades of DNA barcoding in the genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae): how useful and reliable is the ITS?

Lücking¹,

Nadel²,

Araújo³

et al. 2020

Plant and Fungal Systematics

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“…In the present study, a depsidone, salazinic acid ( 1 ) which is well reported in Usnea genus but rarely in U. longissima is a marker of this chemotype [26]. Gagarina et al have recorded three chemotypes in Yakutia (Russia): (i) medulla with salazinic acid, cortex with usnic acid; (ii) medulla with salazinic, barbatic acid, fatty acids, cortex with usnic acid; (iii) medulla with salazinic, evernic, diffractaic acids, cortex with usnic acid [27]. Based on our HPTLC (Supplementary Figure S3), UPLC-PDA-TOF-MS e (Supplementary Figure S4) and isolation we found usnic acid, barbatic acid, salazinic acid and fatty acids in our sample, which clearly matches with chemotype-2 reported by these authors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spot test reactions were performed on the thallus under the dissecting microscopy. Spot test by para- phenylenediamine (P), potassium hydroxide (K), sodium hypochlorite (C) or/and KC reagent characters and comparison to the standard literature [27,36] were referred for identification of lichen samples (Supplementary Figure S2). Three major lichen substances were visualized with high performance thin layer chromatography in toluene/Dioxan/Acetic acid—72.50:24.19:3.22 solvent system (Supplementary Figure S3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in Usnea longissima (Lichenized Ascomycetes, Parmeliaceae) Using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Barbatic Acid

et al. 2019

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Considering the importance of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) hyphenated techniques for analysis of secondary metabolites from crude extracts, the present study was aimed at identification of secondary metabolites in acetone extract of the lichen Usnea longissima. From our study, 19 compounds were tentatively identified through comparison of exact molecular masses from their MS/MS spectra, mass fragmentation studies and comparison with literature data. In addition, potent cytotoxic activity of U. longissima extract prompted us to isolate four compounds, 18R-hydroxy-dihydroalloprotolichesterinic acid (19), neuropogolic acid (20), barbatic acid (21), and usnic acid (22) from this extract which were adequately identified through mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. All four compounds displayed cytotoxic activity. Barbatic acid (21) manifested doxorubicin equivalent activity against A549 lung cancer cell line with IC50 of 1.78 µM and strong G0/G1 accumulation of cells. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage confirmed that it induced cytotoxic activity via apoptosis. Finally, our work has discerned the depside, barbatic acid (21) from crude extract as a candidate anti-cancer molecule, which induces cell death by stepping up apoptosis.

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“…Usnea dasopoga (Ascomycota, Lecanorales Nannf., Parmeliaceae Zenker) is a fruticose epiphytic lichen whose phototrophic component is the free-living green alga Trebouxia (recently classified as Asterochloris sp.) (Balarinova et al, 2013;Rafat et al, 2015;Gagarina et al, 2017). The thalli of the genus Usnea accumulate usnic acid, the content of which reaches 13 % of the mass of air-dry raw material; this compound has a wide spectrum of biological activity (Guo et al, 2008).…”

Section: Objects and Methods Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of tissue culture method for the study of lichenized fungi (Lobariaceae Chevall., Parmeliaceae Zenker.) of the European part of Russia

Zontikov

Malakhova²,

Sergeev³

2022

Turczaninowia

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Lichenized fungi as a multicomponent biological system are an interesting but difficult research object. In view of the complex interaction of the myco- and photobiont, the slow growth of natural thalli, their exceptional exactingness to environmental factors, the study of the biological characteristics of lichens is significantly difficult. This article discusses the problem of studying the anatomical and morphological structure of the myco- and photobiont of lichenized fungi using the tissue culture method on the example of rare species (Lobaria pulmonaria) and species with pharmaceutical potential (Usnea dasopoga, Cetraria islandica). The authors proposed a method for cultivating of myco- and photobionts of these species on synthetic nutrient media for the purpose of further research on the characteristics of lichenized fungi. Fragments of thalli, apothecia (for C. islandica), and soredia (for U. dasopoga and L. pulmonaria) were used as donor material. For the introduction of the photobiont under sterile conditions, a homogenate of the thallus region was prepared. Pure cultures of the myco- and photobiont of L. pulmonaria, U. dasopoga, and C. islandica were obtained on three types of hormone-free nutrient media, namely MS nutrient medium, modified MS medium with a reduced nitrogen content, Czapek medium. The verification of the research results was carried out taking into account the microscopy of the obtained cultures of myco- and photobionts. Using microscopy, the dimensional characteristics of the obtained mycobionts were determined. The diameters of the hyphae of L. pulmonaria, U. dasopoga, and C. islandica were 4.3–4.4 µm, 4.6 µm, and 4.1–4.3 µm, respectively, which corresponds to the size of the hyphae in natural samples. The use of the tissue culture method makes it possible to study and analyze the biological characteristics of lichenized fungi as a multicomponent biological system, as well as to contribute to the preservation of rare species and their components in the Red Data Book; while optimizing the method of cultivating myco- and photobiont on synthetic nutrient media, to reduce the anthropogenic load on natural populations of lichens when using them as medicinal raw materials.

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The lichen genus Usnea Dill. ex Adans. in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Two decades of DNA barcoding in the genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae): how useful and reliable is the ITS?

Two decades of DNA barcoding in the genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae): how useful and reliable is the ITS?

Comprehensive Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in Usnea longissima (Lichenized Ascomycetes, Parmeliaceae) Using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Barbatic Acid

The use of tissue culture method for the study of lichenized fungi (Lobariaceae Chevall., Parmeliaceae Zenker.) of the European part of Russia

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