The lichen genus Opegrapha s. l. in Poland: morphological variability, ecology, and distribution

Abstract

This monograph presents the results of research on the morphological and anatomical variability, ecology, and distribution of <em>Opegrapha</em> s. l. in Poland. The study is based on roughly 1,400 specimens from Polish and some European herbaria. Out of the 18 species of the genus <em>Opegrapha</em> s. l. recorded from Poland, seven species belong to the genus <em>Opegrapha</em> Ach., four species now belong to the genus <em>Alyxoria</em> Ach. ex Gray, two species each are found in the genera <em>Arthonia</em> Ach. and <em>Zwackhia</em> Körb, and one species belongs to each of the genera <em>Gyrographa</em> Ertz & Tehler, <em>Phacographa</em> Hafellner, and <em>Pseudoschismatomma</em> Ertz & Tehler. One of the species, <em>Zwackhia sorediifera</em>, has been reported from Poland for the first time. Among the 18 species of the genus <em>Opegrapha</em> s. l., 10 are epiphytic, five epilithic, and two lichenicolous. The first modern identification key for the species of <em>Opegrapha</em> s. l. in Poland is presented. Numerous new regional records are provided that complement our knowledge of the geographic distribution of some poorly known taxa, such as <em>Alyxoria culmigena</em>, <em>A. mougeotii</em>, <em>A. ochrocheila</em>, <em>Arthonia calcarea</em>, <em>Opegrapha dolomitica</em>, <em>O. geographicola</em>, <em>O. lithyrga</em>, and <em>Phacographa glaucomaria</em>. All species are characterized and discussed, and their diagnostic characters illustrated. Geographic ranges of each species in Poland are presented on maps based on revised herbarium materials.

Epiphytic lichens of woodland habitats in the lower Ticino river valley and in the “Bosco Siro Negri” Integral Nature State Reserve (NW Italy)

“…It seems to be bound to stands located near rivercourses (Nimis, 1993). In some sites, always in well-preserved stands, the species was found fertile, which is rare and likely to imply a good environmental quality (Wieczorek, 2018). The only two previous records from Lombardy are recent, from the upper Ticino river valley (Valcuvia Passadore et al, 2002a, b) and Bosco della Fontana (Valcuvia Passadore & Truzzi, 2008).…”

“…The only previous record from Lombardy dates back to the middle of the 19 th century from the hills surrounding Como (Anzi, 1860). Opegrapha vermicellifera is considered an indicator of primeval lowland forests (Czyżewska & Cieśliński, 2003;Wieczorek, 2018) and of good ecological continuity in broadleaved forests as well (Bricaud, 2010). It seems to be bound to stands located near rivercourses (Nimis, 1993).…”

Materials for the distribution of lichens and lichenicolous fungi in Poland, 4

“…zmienia barwę na ciemnofioletową (dwie nierozpoznane dotychczas substancje, Cannon et al, 2021); znane są również formy bez przyprószenia (Cannon et al, 2021;Marshall et al, 2022), jednak w materiale z Polski nie zostały dotychczas stwierdzone (Wieczorek, 2018); zarodniki 14-16 × 3-4,5 μm, elipsoidalne lub nieco maczugowate, 4-komórkowe; konidia 12-20 × 0.7-1.7 μm, pałeczkowate, proste lub nieznacznie zakrzywione, 1-lub 2-4-komórkowe (Cannon et al, 2021).…”