The Liberated Generation: An Exploration of the Roots of Student Protest¹

Student Perceptions of Riots and Boycotts in Secondary Schools in Kenya's Kirinyaga District

“…Depending on various factors such as social class, education, academic ability, and rearing practices adolescents react as rebels, dissenters, radicals, activists, beatniks, or constructivists (Flacks, 1967;Watts & Whittaker, 1968;Keniston, 1970;Block, Haan, & Smith, 1973).…”

“…Following the lead of this suggestion, it appears that the students of the profile discussed by Flacks (1967) and other scholars quoted above were the original protesters who were able to take a risk in an area that was unknown. Their strong commitment and high academic standing gave the young men and women the efficacy to believe that what they were doing was worthwhile.…”

“…Studies by Flacks (1967), Baird (1970, Keniston (1968), and Block, Haan, and Smith (1968) conclude that college activists are more likely to be recruited from high income families and were raised in homes where autonomy and self-expression were fostered.…”

“…According to Kolberg's Moral Judgment Scale, the principled young adults have an orientation that is ordained by an appeal to logical universality and consistency (Block, Haan, & Smith, 1968). Additionally, they are more likely to have higher levels of education and to have overcome feelings of seclusion at adolescence (Flacks, 1967;Keniston, 1968) • Since these young people are principled and are academically and intellectually above average, they are also more likely to take a stand on social issues and to dedicate themselves to fight, demonstrate, and protest actively against policies and institutions which they perceive as violating their sense of human justice.…”

Alienation under the rainbow : a survey of Oregon graduate students

“…For instance, individuals who perceive that power characterizes their relations with national political institutions are more likely to feel alienated the more they sense, or experience, a loss of community in their lives. (Thompson and Horton, 1960;Dean, 1965;Lieberson and Silverman, 1965;Radsford, 1968;Caplan and Paige, 1968) or in the context or social movements (Flacks, 1967;Morrison and Steeves, 1967;' Bolton, 1972). Moreover, a few sociologists have dealt with alienation in organizations (Perlin, 1962;Seeman, 1963;Seeman and Evans, 1962).…”