The levels of trace elements in sputum as biomarkers for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Urinary copper levels are associated with bronchiectasis in non-smokers living near a petrochemical complex

“…Additionally, a population-based cohort study conducted in Canada found positive associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 containing iron, copper, and ROS, and an increased risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as mortality due to COPD, pneumonia, and all respiratory diseases (Zhang et al 2021b ). Studies have suggested that levels of trace elements, including copper, in sputum could serve as biomarkers for rare lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Forte et al 2021 ). Significantly increased sputum levels of copper and other trace elements respect to controls in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients (Forte et al 2021 ) and cystic fibrosis (Gray et al 2010 ) suggested that sputum trace metals are biomarkers of inflammatory and suppurative lung disease.…”

“…Studies have suggested that levels of trace elements, including copper, in sputum could serve as biomarkers for rare lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Forte et al 2021 ). Significantly increased sputum levels of copper and other trace elements respect to controls in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients (Forte et al 2021 ) and cystic fibrosis (Gray et al 2010 ) suggested that sputum trace metals are biomarkers of inflammatory and suppurative lung disease. Additionally, the growing use of copper oxide nanoparticles in various applications, including energy storage, electrochemistry, antifouling coatings, catalysis, and antimicrobial and antitumor therapy, has raised concerns about their potential harmful effects on human health (Boyadzhiev et al 2021 ).…”

Significant association of urinary copper levels with bronchiectasis in non-smokers living in the vicinity of petrochemical complex: a population-based study

“…Moreover, in a population-based cohort study in Canada, they found positive associations between long-term PM2.5 exposure to iron, copper, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased risks of incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and mortality due to COPD, pneumonia, and all respiratory diseases (Z ). The levels of trace elements in sputum in rare lung disease, such as idiopathic pulmonary brosis could serve as biomarkers (Forte et al 2021). Signi cantly increased sputum levels of copper and other trace elements respect to controls in idiopathic pulmonary brosis (IPF) patients (Forte et al 2021) and cystic brosis (Gray et al 2010) suggested that sputum trace metals are biomarkers of in ammatory and suppurative lung disease.…”

“…The levels of trace elements in sputum in rare lung disease, such as idiopathic pulmonary brosis could serve as biomarkers (Forte et al 2021). Signi cantly increased sputum levels of copper and other trace elements respect to controls in idiopathic pulmonary brosis (IPF) patients (Forte et al 2021) and cystic brosis (Gray et al 2010) suggested that sputum trace metals are biomarkers of in ammatory and suppurative lung disease. The utilities copper oxide nanoparticles in energy storage, electrochemistry, antifouling coatings, catalysis and antimicrobial and antitumor therapy increased and have drawn attention to the potential harmful effects on human health (Boyadzhiev et al 2021).…”

“…In addition, in vitro study (rat alveolar type II epithelial cell line RLE-6TN), iron and copper that are mainly found in the water-soluble fraction of PM could induce oxidative stress and DNA damage(Tacu et al 2021). While biomarkers of the copperinduced pulmonary outcomes mainly focused on concentrations of sputum(Forte et al 2021), very few studies assessed the trace element concentrations in the urine, which may provide a valuable complementary approach to assess to risk patients.In addition to increasing age and exposure to tobacco smoke, exposure to other environmental and occupational hazards such as vapor, gases, dust, fumes, and tra c-related air pollution can increase the risk of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA)(Hata et al. 2021; C Sack et al 2017; CS Sack et al 2017).…”