The levels of the sex hormones are not different between type 1 and type 2 endometrial cancer

Wan, Jian; Gao, Yifei; Zeng, Ke; Yin, Yongxiang; Zhao, Min; Wei, Jia; Chen, Qi

doi:10.1038/srep39744

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The difference in the incidence of endometrial and ovarian cancers may result in differences in clinical characteristics and pathological parameters by ethnicities. Our previous studies reported that endometrial and ovarian cancers occur more frequently in Chinese women before menopause [22][23][24], whilst 75% of endometrial and ovarian cancers occur after menopause in Caucasians [25]. Our recent unpublished data also showed differences in clinical characteristics and pathological parameters in breast cancer between Chinese and New Zealand Europeans.…”

Section: Ivyspringmentioning

confidence: 67%

Association of benign gynaecological diseases and risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers

Shen¹,

Liu

Lin

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

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Objective: Gynaecologic benign diseases such uterine fibroids share similar pathogeneses with endometrial and ovarian cancers. Whether a history of uterine fibroids increases the risk of developing endometrial or ovarian cancers is controversial, due to uterine fibroids was self-reported in those studies. Methods: In our current case-control study, 268 women with endometrial cancer and 108 women with ovarian cancer were included. In addition, 500 women without gynaecological cancers were randomly selected as a control group. Uterine fibroids in both groups were clinically diagnosed by pelvic examination and ultrasound. Data on age, parity, gravida, stages of cancers and history of uterine fibroids, endometriosis and adenomyosis were collected from hospital database. Results: After adjusted age and parity, the odds of women with history of uterine fibroids or endometriosis were lower in women with endometrial cancer than controls (odds ratio: 0.148, 95% CI: 0.097, 0.225, or 0.360, 95% CI: 0094, 1.381, respectively). The odds of women with a history of uterine fibroids or endometriosis were lower in women with ovarian cancer than controls (odds ratio: 0.141, 95% CI: 0.085, 0.235, or 1.057, 95% CI: 0.377, 2.963, respectively). However, the odds of women with a history of adenomyosis were higher in women with endometrial or ovarian cancers than controls (odd ratio: 3.757, 95% CI: 1.858, 7.599 or 2.341, 95% CI: 1.086, 5.045, respectively). Conclusion: Our observational data suggested that uterine fibroids or endometriosis may be not associated with the increased risk of developing endometrial or ovarian cancer. However, a history of adenomyosis may do.

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Section: Ivyspringmentioning

confidence: 67%

Association of benign gynaecological diseases and risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers

Shen¹,

Liu

Lin

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

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“…Recent studies have shown that both type I and type II endometrial cancers share several risk factors (Setiawan et al, 2013), and patients with these cancers show no difference in E2 and progesterone blood levels, which suggest similar pathogenesis (Wan et al, 2016). Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of endometrial cancer.…”

Section: Hormone-dependent Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological studies have identified several risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer, which include obesity (Jenabi and Poorolajal, 2015 ), estrogen-only therapy, early menarche, late menopause, and nulliparity, among others. Recent studies have shown that both type I and type II endometrial cancers share several risk factors (Setiawan et al, 2013 ), and patients with these cancers show no difference in E2 and progesterone blood levels, which suggest similar pathogenesis (Wan et al, 2016 ). Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of endometrial cancer.…”

Section: Hormone-dependent Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Steroid Uptake and Intracrine Action in Endometrial and Ovarian Cancers

2017

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Endometrial and ovarian cancers predominately affect women after menopause, and are more frequently observed in developed countries. These are considered to be hormone-dependent cancers, as steroid hormones, and estrogens in particular, have roles in their onset and progression. After the production of estrogens in the ovary has ceased, estrogen synthesis occurs in peripheral tissues. This depends on the cellular uptake of estrone-sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, as the most important steroid precursors in the plasma of postmenopausal women. The uptake through transporter proteins, such as those of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) and organic anion-transporter (OAT) families, is followed by the synthesis and action of estradiol E2. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of this intracrine action of steroid hormones, which depends on the availability of the steroid precursors and transmembrane transporters for precursor uptake, along with the enzymes for the synthesis of E2. The data is also provided relating to the selected transmembrane transporters from the OATP, OAT, SLC51, and ABC-transporter families, and the enzymes involved in the E2-generating pathways in cancers of the endometrium and ovary. Finally, we discuss these transporters and enzymes as potential drug targets.Keywords: sulfatase, aromatase, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, transporters, OATP, ABC-transporter HORMONE-DEPENDENT CANCERSSteroid hormones have important roles in human physiology, and the disruption of androgen, estrogen, and progesterone actions are implicated in the development of hormone-dependent cancers and benign hormone-dependent diseases. Hormone-dependent cancers include prostate, breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, which comprise more than 20% of all cancers in humans, and more than 35% of cancers in women (Ferlay et al., 2013). Indeed, in women, breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in the developed world. In 2012, 1,671,149 new cases of breast cancer were estimated worldwide, with 521,907 associated deaths. In the developed world, endometrial cancer is the most common among gynecological cancers. Worldwide, there were 319,605 new cases and 76,160 deaths from endometrial cancer in 2012 alone (Ferlay et al., 2013). The most deadly of the hormone-dependent cancers is ovarian cancer. Worldwide, there were 238,719 new cases and 151,905 deaths from ovarian cancer in 2012 (Ferlay et al., 2013).

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“…11 In addition to decreasing oestrogen levels to inhibit the progression of EC, some reports have suggested that high levels of LH and FSH stimulate EC cell growth in vitro, and GnRH-as may inhibit pathogenesis by suppressing gonadotrophin levels. 12 Furthermore, the autocrine LHRH regulatory system is likely present in some human malignant tumours, such as breast, ovary, endometrium, and prostate cancer. 11 Evidences have been proven that GnRH-as have direct antitumour effects on endometrial cancer.…”

Section: The Mechanism Of Action and Clinical Use Of Gnrh-asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary clinical application of an aromatase inhibitor and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist combination for inoperable endometrial cancer patients with comorbidities: case report and literature review

Dong

Jiang

Tian

et al. 2018

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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The levels of the sex hormones are not different between type 1 and type 2 endometrial cancer

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

Association of benign gynaecological diseases and risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers

Association of benign gynaecological diseases and risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers

The Importance of Steroid Uptake and Intracrine Action in Endometrial and Ovarian Cancers

Preliminary clinical application of an aromatase inhibitor and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist combination for inoperable endometrial cancer patients with comorbidities: case report and literature review

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