The levels of natural Nosema spp. infection in Apis mellifera iberiensis brood stages

Urbieta-Magro, Almudena; Higes, Mariano; Meana, Aránzazu; Gómez‐Moracho, Tamara; Rodríguez‐García, Cristina; Barrios, Laura; Martín-Hernández, Raquel

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.04.002

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…However, recent studies also found that Nosema spp. infection occurs in brood stages under laboratory (Benvau and Nieh 2017) and natural conditions (Urbieta-Magro et al, 2019), and potentially in larval queens . Regarding the impact on A. mellifera colonies, some studies have found that winter colony losses and reduced honey production were related to Nosemosis disease (mostly attributed to N. ceranae ) in Europe (Higes et al 2008(Higes et al , 2009Soroker et al 2011;Chauzat et al 2016) and in South America (Invernizzi et al, 2011;Bravo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental conditions and beekeeping practices associated with Nosema ceranae presence in Argentina

et al. 2021

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A longitudinal study was carried out in order to evaluate Nosema spp. spore counts in two key moments of the year (late autumn and spring) in honeybee colonies from five eco-regions of Argentina. Three hundred and sixty colonies were randomly selected and the infestation level of Nosema spp. and Varroa destructor was assessed in autumn and spring of 2015. In addition, a questionnaire concerning all management practices applied in the colonies was answered by the beekeepers. Generalized linear mixed effect models were performed to determine the relationship between risk factors associated with Nosema spp. spore counts in each eco-region. Data were scanned to identify colonies cluster with a higher probability of achieving high values of Nosema spp. abundance for each sampling period. Spatial distribution of colonies with a higher risk of achieving high Nosema spp. abundance seems to be explained by geographical conditions associated to climatic conditions and some management practices implemented in each eco-region. environment / management practices / Nosema ceranae / risk factor / Varroa destructor

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental conditions and beekeeping practices associated with Nosema ceranae presence in Argentina

et al. 2021

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“…This has been proposed to as defense mechanism in infected colonies, decreasing the spatial overlap of healthy bees with infected workers and delaying the drain on the nursing force induced by Nosema infection [98]. This whole battery of strategies has been proposed to prevent the infection of young queen bees [48], young worker bees [104] and immature bees [68,105], which have a lower risk of developing the disease even when the prevalence of infection in adult bees is relatively high [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments presented here were carried out in August-September 2017. To minimize any potential colony-level effects on the results [51], frames of capped brood were obtained from 5 healthy, Nosema-free (confirmed by PCR; [54,55]) colonies of Apis mellifera iberiensis located in an experimental apiary 20 km from the Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA) in Marchamalo (Castilla-La Mancha, Marchamalo, Spain). The frames were kept in an incubator at 34 • C (±1 • C) to provide a supply of newly emerged Nosema-free honey bees over 15 days.…”

Section: Source Of Bees and Rearing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, the clean spores were washed three times and recovered by centrifugation at 800 g for 6 min, the supernatant was decanted between washes and the sediment was resuspended uniformly in 1 mL sterile ddH 2 O. The species of Nosema that the spores corresponded to was confirmed by PCR, as described previously [54,55], and the mean N. ceranae spore concentration was obtained by counting the purified spores four times under a light microscope using a Neubauer ® haemocytometer as described in [60]. The final spore concentration was established as 57,000 spores µL −1 and the stock spore solution was then immediately divided into aliquots (50 µL, spore inoculum), and the vials were stored at room temperature in darkness until they were used two days later.…”

Section: N Ceranae Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plates were incubated for 20 min at 95 • C in a Mastercycler ep Gradient S (Eppendorf ® ), with a well left with no sample between the bees from different cohorts and used as a DNA-extraction control (with H 2 OmiliQ ® and all the reagents: EC). Nosema ceranae was assessed by quantitative real time-PCR (qPCR) to detect DNA for the polar tubule protein 3 (PTP3) gene [55] in a Roche LightCycler ® 480 thermocycler. The qPCR was performed in 384 plates and in a final reaction volume of 10 µL, using the LightCycler ® 480 Probes Master Mix (Roche) according to the manufacturer's instructions: primers at 500 nM and universal probes at 10 nM (UPL, Roche Molecular Systems, Basel, Switzerland).…”

Section: Molecular Detection Of N Ceranae Infection (Dna Extraction mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age and Method of Inoculation Influence the Infection of Worker Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) by Nosema ceranae

Urbieta-Magro

Higes

Meana

et al. 2019

Insects

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The microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae is a highly prevalent, global honey bee pathogen. Apis mellifera is considered to be a relatively recent host for this microsporidia, which raises questions as to how it affects its host’s physiology, behavior and longevity, both at the individual and colony level. As such, honey bees were inoculated with fresh purified spores of this pathogen, both individually (Group A) or collectively (Group B) and they were studied from 0 to 15 days post-emergence (p.e.) to evaluate the effect of bee age and the method of inoculation at 7 days post-infection. The level of infection was analyzed individually by qPCR by measuring the relative amount of the N. ceranae polar tubule protein 3 (PTP3) gene. The results show that the bee’s age and the method of infection directly influence parasite load, and thus, early disease development. Significant differences were found regarding bee age at the time of infection, whereby the youngest bees (new-born and 1 day p.e.) developed the highest parasite load, with this load decreasing dramatically in bees infected at 2 days p.e. before increasing again in bees infected at 3–4 days p.e. The parasite load in bees infected when older than 4 days p.e. diminished as they aged. When the age cohort data was pooled and grouped according to the method of infection, a significantly higher mean concentration and lower variation in N. ceranae infection was evident in Group A, indicating greater variation in experimental infection when spores were administered collectively to bees through their food. In summary, these data indicate that both biological and experimental factors should be taken into consideration when comparing data published in the literature.

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Detection of Microsporidia in Pollinator Communities of a Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot for Wild Bees

et al. 2021

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The levels of natural Nosema spp. infection in Apis mellifera iberiensis brood stages

Cited by 15 publications

References 77 publications

Environmental conditions and beekeeping practices associated with Nosema ceranae presence in Argentina

Environmental conditions and beekeeping practices associated with Nosema ceranae presence in Argentina

Age and Method of Inoculation Influence the Infection of Worker Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) by Nosema ceranae

Detection of Microsporidia in Pollinator Communities of a Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot for Wild Bees

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