The level of decoy epitope in PCV2 vaccine affects the neutralizing activity of sera in the immunized animals

Jin, Junyeong; Park, Changhoon; Cho, Sun Hee; Chung, Junho

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.141

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The induction of a strong humoral immune response to shed Env molecules and additional viral debris was postulated to be an important escape strategy used by HIV to divert B cells from more relevant neutralizing epitopes [ 32 ]. Recently, decoy epitopes were described for the porcine circovirus and the antibody response to such epitopes was shown to impair vaccine efficacy [ 33 ]. Replacing the decoy epitope with a protective epitope was shown to enhance vaccine efficacy [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunodominant Region of the Envelope Glycoprotein of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses May Function as Decoy Antigen

Zahno¹,

Bertoni²

2018

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Background: Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) persist in infected goats that mount a strong humoral immune response characterized by low neutralizing titers. In this study, we characterized the antibody response to SU5, a variable, immunodominant epitope of the envelope glycoprotein of SRLV. We tested the working hypothesis that the variability of SU5 reflects escape from neutralizing antibody. (2) Methods: Affinity purified anti-SU5 antibody were tested for their neutralizing activity to the homologous lentivirus. Virus culture supernatant—in native form or following sonication and filtration—was used to test the ability of free envelope glycoproteins to compete for binding in a SU5-peptide-ELISA. (3) Results: Anti-SU5 antibodies are not neutralizing, strongly suggesting that they do not bind intact viral particles. In contrast, shed envelope glycoproteins efficiently compete for binding in a SU5-ELISA, providing convincing evidence that the SU5 epitope is exposed only on shed envelope glycoproteins. (4) Conclusions: Our results show that the antibody engaging SU5 is not neutralizing and does not appear to bind to SU expressed at the surface of virus particles. We propose that SU5 is a potential decoy epitope exposed on shaded envelope glycoproteins, luring the humoral immune response in committing an original antigenic sin to a functionally irrelevant epitope.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunodominant Region of the Envelope Glycoprotein of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses May Function as Decoy Antigen

Zahno¹,

Bertoni²

2018

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This phenomenon occurs when decoy epitopes bind to non-neutralizing antibodies which facilitate the entry of the virus into the host cell [49]. Decoy epitopes result in a reduction of efficiency of vaccines, by diverting immune resources away from the recognition of neutralizing epitopes [50], and by potentially causing ADE [49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Signaling Games Explain Mimicry at Many Levels: From Viral Epidemiology to Human Sociology

Casey¹,

Massey²,

Mishra³

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mimicry is exhibited in multiple scales, ranging from molecular, to organismal, and then to human society. ‘Batesian’ type mimicry entails a conflict of interest between sender and receiver, reflected in a deceptive mimic signal. ‘Mullerian’ type mimicry occurs when there is perfect common interest between sender and receiver, manifested by an honest co-mimic signal. Using a signaling games approach, simulations show that invasion by Batesian mimics will make Mullerian mimicry unstable, in a coevolutionary chase. We use these results to better understand the deceptive strategies of SARS-CoV-2 and their key role in the COVID-19 pandemic. At the biomolecular level, we explain how cellularization promotes Mullerian molecular mimicry, and discourages Batesian molecular mimicry. A wide range of processes analogous to cellularization are presented; these might represent a manner of reducing oscillatory instabilities. Lastly, we identify examples of mimicry in human society, that might be addressed using a signaling game approach.

show abstract

“…Neutralization assay was performed to assess the ability of the serum samples to neutralize the PCV2 according to the protocol described by Jin [ 11 ]. Briefly, serum samples were heat inactivated at 56 °C for 30 min, followed by serial dilution in 2-fold increments in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 2% of fetal bovine serum (FBS), and mixed 1:1 with 200 TCID 50 of PCV2 strain CC1 for 2 h at 37 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity evaluation of inactivated virus and purified proteins of porcine circovirus type 2 in mice

Liu

Ouyang

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundVaccination is considered as an effective and economical way to against PCV2 infection. However, some of commercial available vaccines are based on inactivated viruses, while the others are based on purified protein of PCV2. In the present study, we aimed to compare the immunogenicity of inactivated virus and purified proteins of porcine circovirus type 2 in mice.ResultsThe results showed that positive antiserum titers were significantly increased after second, third and fourth immunization using inactivated PCV2 or purified proteins as coating antigen. Moreover, the inactivated PCV2 induced significantly higher levels of PCV2-specific antibodies than that of PCV2 subunit proteins. After PCV2 wild strain challenged, the average daily gain was comparable with that of mice in the mock group, and the sera from both inactivated PCV2-immunized animals and subunit protein Cap+ORF3 + Rep immunized animals had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers than that of the PBS group. As expected, the neutralizing antibody in the inactivated PCV2 group was significantly higher than that of the subunit protein group. These results indicated that positive antiserum induced by the inactivated PCV2 had a better reactivity and specificity than that of the positive antiserum induced by the purified proteins.ConclusionsThe results in the present study demonstrated inactivated PCV2 is more effective than PCV2 subunit proteins in stimulating immune response to against PCV2 infection.

show abstract

The level of decoy epitope in PCV2 vaccine affects the neutralizing activity of sera in the immunized animals

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

An Immunodominant Region of the Envelope Glycoprotein of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses May Function as Decoy Antigen

An Immunodominant Region of the Envelope Glycoprotein of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses May Function as Decoy Antigen

How Signaling Games Explain Mimicry at Many Levels: From Viral Epidemiology to Human Sociology

Immunogenicity evaluation of inactivated virus and purified proteins of porcine circovirus type 2 in mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About