2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.054
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The lethality of suicide methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Cited by 37 publications
(40 citation statements)
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“…In this paper, we used the 2017-2019 NVDRS to examine demographic and clinical correlates of three leading methods of suicide—firearms, hanging/suffocation, and poisoning—among decedents age 18 and older. Consistent with the CDC report ( 3 ), our findings show that firearm use increased and poisoning use decreased during the study period. While changes in hanging/suffocation during the 3 years were not statistically significant, it was used by almost 30% of both male and female decedents.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
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“…In this paper, we used the 2017-2019 NVDRS to examine demographic and clinical correlates of three leading methods of suicide—firearms, hanging/suffocation, and poisoning—among decedents age 18 and older. Consistent with the CDC report ( 3 ), our findings show that firearm use increased and poisoning use decreased during the study period. While changes in hanging/suffocation during the 3 years were not statistically significant, it was used by almost 30% of both male and female decedents.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…While changes in hanging/suffocation during the 3 years were not statistically significant, it was used by almost 30% of both male and female decedents. Among female decedents, poisoning (32.1%) was still a bit more frequent than firearms (30.0%) during the study period, although CDC reported that firearms became the leading method among female decedents in 2020 ( 3 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…High lethality methods included firearm (CFR 89.7%), hanging (CFR 84.5%), drowning (CFR 80.4%), gas poisoning (CFR 56.6%), and jumping (CFR 46.7%). Low lethality methods included drug/liquid poisoning (CFR 8%), cutting (CFR 4%) [ 19 ]. So, in this study, high lethality methods referred to firearm, hanging, drowning, jumping, gas poisoning, and car crash while low lethality methods referred to drug/chemical liquid poisoning, pesticide, herbicide, alcohol/organic solvent toxicity, cutting/ blunt injury, and other/unspecified means.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Regarding suicide method lethality, a meta-analysis of 34 studies assessing the case fatality rate (CFR %) of various suicide methods has provided evidence about the lethality of the method based on the act used, where firearms was classified as the fastest, most lethal and most often an irreversible act (~89.7%), followed by suffocation/hanging (~84.5%), drowning (~80.4%), gas poisoning (~56.6%), jumping (~46.7%), liquid or drug poisoning (~8.0%) and cutting (~4.0%). Changes in lethality might vary overtime according to population of study and age groups [ 19 , 20 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%