“…Following the general approach established in earlier studies of stock market liquidity ( Scharnowski, 2020 ; Qadan and Aharon, 2019 ; Chordia et al, 2001 ), we add several control variables. Specifically, we control for contemporaneous and lagged market returns ( R t , R t-1 ), contemporaneous volatility measured as the absolute return on day t ( AbsR t ), past volatility estimated as the average absolute return through trading days t -1 to t -5 ( Vol t-1 ), market capitalization ( MV t-1 ), market-wide price-to-earnings ratio ( PE t-1 ), and weekday dummies for the day of the week effect.…”