The length of the menstrual cycle

Haman, John O.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(42)90968-2

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Other possibly common differential diagnoses are normal physiological variants of oligomenorrhoea (Haman, 1942;Marshall, 1963) and hirsuties (Ferriman and Gallwey, 1961). These diagnoses are largely by exclusion and it is difficult therefore to put a figure on their numbers, but they may account for around another 10% of our series.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The aetiology of oligomenorrhoea and/or hirsuties: a study of 467 patients

Ferriman

Purdie

1983

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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SummaryAn analysis of 467 patients with oligomenorrhoea and/or hirsuties in respect to duration of the menstrual cycle, body hair growth, ovarian size and the presence of psychological factors has revealed some useful pointers to diagnosis in this syndrome. Some 70% probably suffered from polycystic ovarian disease. Hirsuties and post-pill amenorrhoea are strong pointers to such a diagnosis. Some 10%o of the cases may have been psychogenic in origin and are notably found amoung non-hirsute patients with normal sized ovaries. Another 10% may have been physiological in nature. All other disorders accounted for no more than 10% of the cases. Anorexia nervosa and ovarian dysgenesis are particularly to be found among amenorrhoeic, non-hirsute patients with normal sized (or small) ovaries accounting for no less than 37% of this group in our series.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The aetiology of oligomenorrhoea and/or hirsuties: a study of 467 patients

Ferriman

Purdie

1983

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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“…Yet these were summarily dismissed in favor of reports that relied on a woman's recall of her ''typical'' cycle patterns (Sanes, 1916;Nakagawa, 1931;Kennedy, 1933) because these supported the prevailing medical opinion that normal women invariably had 28-day cycles. Arey's own analyses of 20,000 calendar records from 1500 persons did little to dissuade the entrenched opinion nor did subsequent studies (e.g., Haman, 1942) have any greater impact.…”

Section: Variation In the Ovarian Cyclementioning

confidence: 92%

The ecology and evolutionary endocrinology of reproduction in the human female

Vitzthum

2009

American J Phys Anthropol

149

114

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Human reproductive ecology (HRE) is the study of the mechanisms that link variation in reproductive traits with variation in local habitats. Empirical and theoretical contributions from biological anthropology, physiology, and demography have established the foundation necessary for developing a comprehensive understanding, grounded in life history theory (LHT), of temporal, individual, and populational variation in women's reproductive functioning. LHT posits that natural selection leads to the evolution of mechanisms that tend to allocate resources to the competing demands of growth, reproduction, and survival such that fitness is locally maximized. (That is, among alternative allocation patterns exhibited in a population, those having the highest inclusive fitness will become more common over generational time.) Hence, strategic modulation of reproductive effort is potentially adaptive because investment in a new conception may risk one's own survival, future reproductive opportunities, and/or current offspring survival. The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is the principal neuroendocrine pathway by which the human female modulates reproductive functioning according to the changing conditions in her habitat. Adjustments of reproductive investment in a potential conception are manifested in temporal and individual variation in ovarian cycle length, ovulation, hormone levels, and the probability of conception. Understanding the extent and causes of adaptive and non-adaptive variation in ovarian functioning is fundamental to ascertaining the proximate and remote determinants of human reproductive patterns. In this review I consider what is known and what still needs to be learned of the ecology of women's reproductive biology, beginning with a discussion of the principal explanatory frameworks in HRE and the biometry of ovarian functioning. Turning next to empirical studies, it is evident that marked variation between cycles, women, and populations is the norm rather than an aberration. Other than woman's age, the determinants of these differences are not well characterized, although developmental conditions, dietary practices, genetic variation, and epigenetic mechanisms have all been hypothesized to play some role. It is also evident that the reproductive functioning of women born and living in arduous conditions is not analogous to that of athletes, dieters, or even the lower end of the ''normal range'' of HPO functioning in wealthier populations. Contrary to the presumption that humans have low fecundity and an inefficient reproductive system, both theory and present evidence suggest that we may actually have very high fecundity and a reproductive system that has evolved to be flexible, ruthlessly efficient and, most importantly, strategic. It would be instructive to know not only by what physiological mechanisms a just apportionment is made between the nutriment devoted to the gonads and that devoted to the rest of the parental organism, but also what circumstances in the life-history and e...

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“…Arey (1939), who analyzed about 20,000 cycles of 1,500 women, found that only 20 % of adults had their individual average cycle length for at least one third of their recorded cycles; he concluded that a woman with perfectly regular cycles -if such existed -would be a real medical curiosity. Many other works support the conclusion that the menstrual periods of normal healthy women are irregular (Haman, 1942;Hartman, 1962). Vollman(1956), who used Novak's definition of menstruation (Novak, 1952) and defined the menstrual cycle as "the interval in days from the beginning of one menstrual period to the last day inclusive", reported the cycles ranging from 6 to 409 days.…”

Section: Purpose Of Studymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Brayer et al (1969) reported that 70 percent out of those 2,316 women had a cycle variation greater than 8 days. The opinion expressed by Fraenkel's statement "Das einzig Regelmässige an der Regel ist ihre Unregelmässigkeit" ("The only regularity of the menstrual cycle is its irregularity") (Haman, 1942;Hartman, 1962) is now widely accepted. But is it the whole truth?…”

Section: Purpose Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodogram analysis of menstrual cycles

Pochobradsky

1970

Journal of Interdisiplinary Cycle Research

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The length of the menstrual cycle

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

The aetiology of oligomenorrhoea and/or hirsuties: a study of 467 patients

The aetiology of oligomenorrhoea and/or hirsuties: a study of 467 patients

The ecology and evolutionary endocrinology of reproduction in the human female

Periodogram analysis of menstrual cycles

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