The length of stomata as an indicator for polyploidy in rye-grasses

Speckmann, G. J.; Post, Julian; Dijkstra, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00149503

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…In general, polyploid plants often possess larger cell sizes and sometimes larger biomass, height and girth (Comai 2005;Oselebe et al 2006), leaf size and thickness (Stupar et al 2007), fruit mass (Oselebe et al 2006;Vandenholt et al 1995), and stomata size (Miller et al 2012;Mishra 1997;Speckmann et al 1965). The phenotypic alterations sometimes affect secondary metabolites (Cohen et al 2013;Dhawan and Lavania 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this context, polyploid stomataassociated guard cells are often larger than those of diploids in many plant taxon, and these structures have been utilized as an indicator of polyploidy (Miller et al 2012;Speckmann et al 1965). Like other polyploid plants, E. ulmoides tetraploids showed larger guard cells and stomata due to doubled chromosome number, so these can be utilized as a marker to identify tetraploid individuals in E. ulmoides.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Induction of tetraploid hardy rubber tree, <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i>, and phenotypic differences from diploid

Tokumoto

Kajiura

Takeno

et al. 2016

Plant Biotechnology

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Polyploid plants tend to have larger organs than diploids due to the doubling of their chromosome number. However, the enlarged regions, whether cells, tissues, or individuals differ depending on the plant species or taxon, as have metabolic changes. Eucommia ulmoides is a deciduous dioecious plant natively distributed in China that accumulates trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI) in laticifers throughout its tissues. To induce tetraploids of E. ulmoides, colchicine treatment time and concentration were assessed for ability to obtain tetraploids, and the resulting plants were analyzed for phenotypic differences from diploids with respect to individual size, 16 leaf attributes, sizes of three cell types (epidermis, laticifer, and parenchyma), and TPI content and molecular weight. Effective conditions for obtaining tetraploids were 0.05% colchicine for 48 h, which led to obtaining a total of 9 tetraploids. The tetraploids showed larger stomata size but lower stomata density than diploids. Significant differences in the mean values of other attributes including leaf size, cell size, and TPI content of tetraploids could not be detected between tetraploids and diploids, suggesting that E. ulmoides is less affected by gene doubling than other plant species, and that tetraploid individuals might not have a tendency to increase their biomass.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Induction of tetraploid hardy rubber tree, <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i>, and phenotypic differences from diploid

Tokumoto

Kajiura

Takeno

et al. 2016

Plant Biotechnology

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“…Somaclonal polyploidization is thought to affect various phenotypic characters such as cell size, chlorophyll content, fertility and organ size. Over the past few decades, a considerable number of studies have reported the effects of somaclonal polyploidization on phenotypic characters of various plant species (Speckmann et al, 1965;Miyazaki et al, 1985;Liu et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2008). In water yam, tetraploid variants tend to have rounder leaves than their diploid parents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Somatic polyploidization and characterization of induced polyploids of Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis

Pachakkil¹,

Iino²,

Kashihara³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Genetic improvement of major food yams is constrained by a number of factors, such as the scarcity of flowers and lack of synchronization between male and female flowering. Consequently, somaclonal variation including somatic polyploidization has been considered as a useful tool in yam breeding. Somatic polyploidization and its effect on phenotypic traits of Dioscorea species such as D. alata, D. japonica and D. zingiberensis has been reported; however, optimization of this method in two major yam species, D. rotundata and D. cayenensis, is yet to be achieved and the effect of polyploidization on phenotypic traits of this species yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a high rate of somaclonal polyploid variation was successfully achieved by in vitro colchicine treatment of D. rotundata and D. cayenensis. In most cases, except TDc 3704, the highest rate of polyploid induction appeared after 0.1% colchicine treatment. However, in triploid yellow yam accessions the induction rate was relatively low. Tetraploid variants of D. rotundata tended to display somewhat rounder leaves than their diploid parents. The size and shape of D. rotundata stoma were also affected by levels of ploidy, with tetraploid variants exhibiting larger stomata at a lower density compared to their diploid parents. The efficient method of in vitro polyploidy induction reported here is therefore a highly useful tool for obtaining polyploid variants for use as genetic resources in D. rotundata breeding.

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“…Chromosome counts made from Rwanda plant material indicated that the species is tetraploid with 2n=4x=36 (Auquier and Renard, 1975), while preliminary chromosome counts from Ethiopian material indicated a much higher ploidy level (B. Stedje and K. Dagne, unpublished) although detailed investigation was found to be difficult due to the small size of chromosomes (< 1 µm). Stomatal size (guard cell length), stomatal frequency, and stomatal plastid number have been used as morphological markers for identifying ploidy levels in several plant species, including Lolium perenne (Speckman et al, 1965), Bromus inermis (Tan and Dun, 1973), Dactylis spp. (Santen and Casler, 1986) and Coffea spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of phenotypic variation in endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) from Ethiopia

Semagn¹,

Stedje²,

Bjørnstad³

2004

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The extent of morphological variability of endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) sampled from 17 localities in Ethiopia that varied from 1600 to 3000 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l) was investigated using 16 characters. Statistical analyses were performed using leaf hairiness and altitude as categorical variables. Cluster analysis performed using average taxonomic distance matrix revealed the separation of most plants into their respective leaf hairiness and altitude groups. When leaf hairiness was used as categorical variable, canonical discriminant analysis performed using characters selected by the stepwise procedure revealed the distinct separation of all glabrous plants from the pubescent ones with the slightly pubescent plants being intermediate. Classificatory discriminant analysis was used to assign 95.8% of the plants into their respective hairiness groups. Our data therefore support the hypothesis that pubescent forms are highly likely to be a different taxon. For altitude groups, canonical discriminant analysis performed using characters selected by the stepwise procedure resulted to the separation of most plants into lowland (1600-2100 m.a.s.l.), central highlands (2101-2500 m.a.s.l.), and highland (2501-3000 m.a.s.l) groups. Classificatory discriminant analysis was able to assign 70.8% of the plants into their respective altitude groups. However, all results from discriminant analyses of the morphological data were not strong enough to support the presence of morphological ecotypes in endod along altitudinal gradients.

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The length of stomata as an indicator for polyploidy in rye-grasses

Abstract: The suitability of stomata length as a criterion in the distinction between diploid and tetraploid rye-grass plants was tested.From the data it appears that diploid and tetraploid plants can be separated with a large degree of certainty if the selection is based on the stomata length .

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

Induction of tetraploid hardy rubber tree, <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i>, and phenotypic differences from diploid

Induction of tetraploid hardy rubber tree, <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i>, and phenotypic differences from diploid

Somatic polyploidization and characterization of induced polyploids of Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis

Patterns of phenotypic variation in endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) from Ethiopia

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