The leishmaniases as model zoonoses

Rw, Ashford

doi:10.1080/00034989760428

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Any modification of the environment may influence to various degrees the prevalence of leishmaniases in a given region. Several general 15,16,[205][206][207] or more specialized 14,17,18,173,[208][209][210][211] reviews report and exemplify different risk factors linking leishmaniases to environmental modifications.…”

Section: Role Of Humans In the Pathogenic Complexes Of The Gecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

Rotureau

2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In the Guianan ecoregion complex, at least seven Leishmania species belonging to both the L. (Leishmania) Saf' janova, 1982 and L. (Viannia) Lainson and Shaw, 1987 sub-genera are causative agents of American visceral leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and cutaneous leishmaniases, including localized and diffuse forms. They are mostly sylvatic species subjugated to their own specific Lutzomyia sand fly vectors and to particular wild mammalian reservoir hosts of the dense rain forest. Originally implicated strictly in wild zoonoses and developing in forested ecotopes, Leishmania show a particular adaptive plasticity to face environmental modifications following deforestation and anthropization. This review presents the different pathogenic complexes of these parasites, emphasizes their implication in human diseases, and considers the influence of humans on their ecology.

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Section: Role Of Humans In the Pathogenic Complexes Of The Gecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

Rotureau

2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In French Guiana, Humans are accidental hosts. 6,7 As for other vector-borne diseases, seasonal variations of the number of cases suggest a role for the climate in the transmission dynamics of leishmaniasis. In Venezuela and in Argentina, there was a correlation of vector densities and environmental variables 8,9 and a correlation between vector density and the number of cases of leishmaniasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and Leishmaniasis in French Guiana

Roger

Hanf²,

Drogoul³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. To study the link between climatic variables and the incidence of leishmaniasis a study was conducted in Cayenne, French Guiana. Patients infected between January 1994 and December 2010. Meteorological data were studied in relation to the incidence of leishmaniasis using an ARIMA model. In the final model, the infections were negatively correlated with rainfall (with a 2-month lag) and with the number of days with rainfall 50 mm (lags of 4 and 7 months). The variables that were positively correlated were temperature and the Multivariate El Niñ o Southern Oscillation Index with lags of 8 and 4 months, respectively. Significantly greater correlations were observed in March for rainfall and in November for the Multivariate El Niñ o/Southern Oscillation Index. Climate thus seems to be a non-negligible explanatory variable for the fluctuations of leishmaniasis. A decrease in rainfall is linked to increased cases 2 months later. This easily perceptible point could lead to an interesting prevention message.

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“…In foci, such as Montebello and San Roque (Antioquia) [6,28,33] and areas with traditional cofee cultivation [46], children under the age of 5 years have been found to have the highest incidence of leishmaniasis; in these areas, the most frequently incriminated vector has been identiied as Lu. gomezi, which has increased biting activity during the early hours of the night.…”

Section: Findings Of the Application Of Eco-epidemiological Methods Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system includes hosts, any intermediate host, or vector and any environmental component that is necessary to maintain the agent indeinitely [33]. Depending on the duration that hosts are able to maintain the parasite, they may be classiied into primary (maintaining the infection for a long time), secondary, or accidental.…”

Section: Study Of Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Eco-Epidemiological Method in the Study of Leishmaniasis Transmission Foci

Vélez¹,

Carrillo²,

Cadena³

et al. 2017

The Epidemiology and Ecology of Leishmaniasis

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The study of transmission foci involves the clinical characterization of disease within a focus using active surveillance of human cases, characterization of the population group that is most frequently infected or at highest risk of becoming infected, diagnosis and treatment of infected people and identiication of the conceptions, atitudes, beliefs and practices related to the disease. An entomological survey is necessary to determine the geographical distribution of species and incrimination of vector species, the ecological characteristics of the zone (macro-focus), times of the year and day of highest biting activity and places in homes in which the most frequent contact between the people and the vectors occurs. A survey of peri-domestic and wild mammals in the area is advisable to try to identify potential reservoir hosts. Using this information, it is feasible to design speciic and accurate prevention and efective, rational and economic control measures and deine the times of the year and locations in which these measures must be applied.In this chapter, a description of the application of the eco-epidemiological method to the study of leishmaniasis transmission foci is provided. A special emphasis is placed on the methodology, multidisciplinary work and analysis of indings.

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The leishmaniases as model zoonoses

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

Ecology of the Leishmania Species in the Guianan Ecoregion Complex

Climate and Leishmaniasis in French Guiana

Application of the Eco-Epidemiological Method in the Study of Leishmaniasis Transmission Foci

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