The legally allowable versus the informally practicable in Bolivia’s domestic timber market

Smallholder Forestry in the Western Amazon: Outcomes from Forest Reforms and Emerging Policy Perspectives

“…But small-scale timber extraction has expanded over time, while forest concessions have been reduced significantly since the late 2000s [30]. Timber exports have also declined and domestic markets constitute the main demand for timber production, which is also met by imports [31].…”

“…In those areas, local forest users depend more on timber extraction for their livelihoods than when they live closer to regional towns. But they also rely more on intermediaries and companies that buy timber or facilitate logging and the latter captures a higher portion of the benefits [31]. In locations better connected to markets, tenure rights are clearer and more effectively enforced.…”

Impact of forest policies on timber production in India: a review

“…Apart from the above-mentioned countries, there are nations worldwide that have initiated policies and regulations to curb deforestation and degradation through managing timber extraction (Petersen and Sandhovel, 2001;Gautam et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2004;Diete et al, 2005;Spies et al, 2007;Pacheco et al, 2010;Kotilainen and Rytteri, 2011;Redo et al, 2011;Amiraslani and Dragovich, 2013;De Jong et al, 2014). This shift in forest policies could result in a decline in timber production, thus creating a supply crunch for countries dependent on timber imports.…”

Actores, aprovechamiento de madera y mercados en la Amazonía peruana

“…Algunos estudios sostienen que la informalidad se debe a imprecisiones legales que excluyen las prácticas tradicionales de uso del bosque, o tienden a penalizarlas, lo que las convierte en ilegales. Asimismo, las fallas institucionales que limitan la obtención de permisos de corta, o alteran los incentivos para su puesta en práctica, tienden a generar situaciones de ilegalidad (Smith et al, 2006;Zambrano et al, 2010;Sears y PinedoVasquez, 2011;Cardozo, 2013;Mejia y Pacheco, 2013;Reboredo, 2013;Jong et al, 2014). Existe aún poca información relacionada a las interacciones formales/legales e informales/ilegales entre los actores dentro de las redes de comercio de madera, aunque algunos estudios han analizado situaciones específicas, como en Loreto (Sears y Pinedo-Vasquez, 2011) y Ucayali (Cuellar, 2004).…”