The Lee-Wick standard model

Grinstein, Benjamı́n; O’Connell, Donal; Wise, Mark B.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.77.025012

Cited by 234 publications

(411 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Lee and Wick [279,280] proposed, in the late sixties, a finite version of QED; based upon this proposition, Grinstein et al constructed a modification to the standard model known as the Lee-Wick Standard Model [281]; this model aspires to provide an alternative to supersymmetry. A feature of these models is the presence of phantom fields [282].…”

Section: Lee-wick and Quintommentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of classical bouncing cosmologies

2015

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Given the proliferation of bouncing models in recent years, we gather and critically assess these proposals in a comprehensive review. The PLANCK data shows an unmistakably red, quasi scaleinvariant, purely adiabatic primordial power spectrum and no primary non-Gaussianities. While these observations are consistent with inflationary predictions, bouncing cosmologies aspire to provide an alternative framework to explain them. Such models face many problems, both of the purely theoretical kind, such as the necessity of violating the NEC and instabilities, and at the cosmological application level, as exemplified by the possible presence of shear. We provide a pedagogical introduction to these problems and also assess the fitness of different proposals with respect to the data. For example, many models predict a slightly blue spectrum and must be fine-tuned to generate a red spectral index; as a side effect, large non-Gaussianities often result.We highlight several promising attempts to violate the NEC without introducing dangerous instabilities at the classical and/or quantum level. If primordial gravitational waves are observed, certain bouncing cosmologies, such as the cyclic scenario, are in trouble, while others remain valid. We conclude that, while most bouncing cosmologies are far from providing an alternative to the inflationary paradigm, a handful of interesting proposals have surfaced, which warrant further research. The constraints and lessons learned as laid out in this review might guide future research.

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Section: Lee-wick and Quintommentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of classical bouncing cosmologies

2015

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“…The LW mechanism unitarizes a theory with a ghost by the decay of the ghost into ordinary fields. Mainly as a means of dealing with ghosts from higher derivative theories, it has been applied to constructing a renormalizable quantum gravity [10] as well as a hierarchy problem-free standard model [11]. To elucidate, let us highlight a scalar toy model worked out in [11]: where σ is an ordinary scalar and ρ is a ghost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum aspects of massive gravity II: non-Pauli-Fierz theory

Park

2011

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Abstract:We investigate the non-Pauli-Fierz (nPF) theory, a linearized massive gravity with a generic graviton mass term, which has been ignored due to a ghost in its spectrum and the resultant loss of unitarity. We first show that it is possible to use the Lee-Wick mechanism, a unitarization through the decay of a ghost, in order to handle the sixth mode ghost of nPF, and then check for the quantum consistency. Once proven to be consistent, nPF could become a viable candidate for a large distance modification of gravity, because it naturally solves the intrinsic problems that most dark energy/modified gravity models suffer from: It smoothly converges to general relativity at short distances, and the small graviton mass necessary to modify gravity at large scales can be stable under the radiative corrections from the minimal gravity-to-matter coupling.

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“…As shown in Ref. [3], the LW Lagrangian is equivalent to a particular higher-derivative (HD) theory; in particular, it is one in which 4-derivative bosonic and 3-derivative fermionic interaction terms appear, and the full HD field consists of both the conventional field and its LW partner. Of course, not just any HD Lagrangian produces an equivalent LW theory; only those that produce propagator poles at real mass values are valid for the purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same can be said for a less well-studied approach, the Lee-Wick Standard Model (LWSM) of Grinstein, O'Connell, and Wise [3]. Inspired by the Lee and Wick (LW) program [4] of performing renormalization by promoting the spurious Pauli-Villars regulator to the status of a full, dynamical, negative-norm field, Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspired by the Lee and Wick (LW) program [4] of performing renormalization by promoting the spurious Pauli-Villars regulator to the status of a full, dynamical, negative-norm field, Ref. [3] showed that introducing LW partners for SM particles with the same gauge couplings eliminates quadratic divergences in loop calculations. The cancellation between positive-and negative-norm states in loops resembles the cancellation between fermions and bosons in SUSY, while the fact that the particle and its LW partner share the same statistics but carry an opposite type of parity is reminiscent of the bottom of a tower of Kaluza-Klein excitations in extra-dimension models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision electroweak constraints on theN=3Lee-Wick standard model

Lebed

TerBeek

2013

Phys. Rev. D

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The Lee-Wick (LW) formulation of higher-derivative theories can be extended from one in which the extra degrees of freedom are represented as a single heavy, negative-norm partner for each known particle (N = 2), to one in which a second, positive-norm partner appears (N = 3). We explore the extent to which the presence of these additional states in a LW Standard Model affect precision electroweak observables, and find that they tend either to have a marginal effect (e.g., quark partners on T ), or a substantial beneficial effect (e.g., Higgs partners on the Zbb couplings).We find that precision constraints allow LW partners to exist in broad regions of mass parameter space accessible at the LHC, making LW theories a viable beyond-Standard Model candidate.

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The Lee-Wick standard model

Cited by 234 publications

References 18 publications

A critical review of classical bouncing cosmologies

A critical review of classical bouncing cosmologies

Quantum aspects of massive gravity II: non-Pauli-Fierz theory

Precision electroweak constraints on theN=3Lee-Wick standard model

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