The LC/ESI-MSMS Profiles and Biological Potentials of <i>Vitex agnus castus</i> Extracts

Ağalar, Hale Gamze; Çiftçi, Gülşen Akalın; Yıldırım, Şafak Ulusoylar; Gögera, Fatih; Kιrιmera, Neşe

doi:10.1177/1934578x1601101108

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As shown in Table 1, nine (9) + at m/z 489 and fragment ions at m/z 287 and m/z 131. This result is compatible with agnuside, an iridoid glucoside, in other Vitex species [19]. Homovitexin (8), often referred to as isovitexin, displayed a molecular ion [M+H] + at m/z 433 and luteolin 4'-O-glucoside (9) at m/z 449.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Vn Extractssupporting

confidence: 72%

Chemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Extracts and Fractions of Vitex negundo

Rasonabe¹,

Tiausas²,

Cruz³

et al. 2022

J. Pharm. Res. Int.

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This study aims to determine chemical components and demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Vitex negundo species native to the Philippines. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), eleven compounds were tentatively identified from the iridoids, flavonoids, and phenolics group. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring the inhibition of proinflammatory enzymes, lipoxygenase (LOX), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). For LOX inhibitory effect, crude methanol extract has an IC50 value of 440.9 µg/mL. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) fractionation results in IC50 values of 196.6 µg/mL and 150.0 µg/mL for the 50% methanol-water and 100% methanol fractions, respectively. The IC50 value of crude hexane extract is 519.7 µg/mL. SPE produced lower IC50 values; 397.5 µg/mL for 2% IPA-hexane fraction and 142.9 µg/mL for 50% IPA-hexane fraction. The inhibition against COX-2 was effective in the 100% methanol fraction with an IC50 of 34.27 μg/mL and 2% IPA-hexane with an IC50 of 6.57 μg/mL. SPE fractions demonstrated more potent anti-inflammatory effects via in-vitro inhibition of LOX for the 100% methanol-water and 50% IPA-hexane or COX-2 for the 100% methanol and 2% IPA-hexane. The analgesic action was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. The percentage inhibition of writhing at all dose levels of methanol and hexane extracts ranged from 90-96% (p<0.05). The SPE fractions from methanol extracts showed inhibition of 73-97% (p<0.05). Both extracts and fractions showed strong analgesic effects in an in-vivo animal model.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Vn Extractssupporting

confidence: 72%

Chemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Extracts and Fractions of Vitex negundo

Rasonabe¹,

Tiausas²,

Cruz³

et al. 2022

J. Pharm. Res. Int.

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“…Besides, some phenolic acids were previously reported in different Vitex species, viz. hydroxy-methoxy benzoic acid (peak 9) [69], protocatechuic acid (peak 10) [36], protocatechualdehyde (peak 18) [39], p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivative (peak 19) [40], p-hydroxybenzoic acid (peak 20) [36,37], vanillic acid (peak 24) [69], p-coumaric acid (peak 15) [55] and caffeic acid (peak 48) [40,73,74].…”

Section: Cinnamic Acid Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As well as, eight quinic acid derivatives were previously reported from different Vitex species, viz. quinic acid derivative (peak 4) [37], O-p-hydroxy benzoyl quinic acid (peak 7) [40], quinic acid (peak 12) [36], neochlorogenic acid (peak 14) [55], chlorogenic acid (peak 22) [55], di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (peak 47) [49], di-O-caffeoylquinic acid isomer (peak 51) [37], and O-caffeoylquinic acid dimer (peak 59) [37].…”

Section: Acyl Quinic Acid Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic profiling of Vitex Pubescens Vahl bark via UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS/MS analysis and evaluation of its antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities

Abdelbaset,

Ayoub,

Mohamed

et al. 2024

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative age-related disease that primarily affects the elderly population leading to progressive memory impairments and neural deficits. It is counted as a major cause of geriatric dependency and disability. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease incidence is complex and involves various hypotheses, including the cholinergic hypothesis, deposition of β-amyloid plaques, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Conventional treatments such as donepezil aim to delay the symptoms but do not affect the progression of the disease and may cause serious side effects like hepatoxicity. The use of natural candidates for Alzheimer’s disease treatment has drawn the attention of many researchers as it offers a multitargeted approach. Methods This current study investigates the metabolic profiles of total defatted methanolic extract of Vitex pubescens bark and its polar fractions, viz. ethyl acetate and n-butanol, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS/MS) technique as well as evaluate the antioxidant using free radical scavenging assays, viz. DPPH and ABTS assays and in-vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities using Ellman’s microplate assay. Results Metabolic profiling revealed a total of 71, 43, and 55 metabolites tentatively identified in the defatted methanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions, respectively. Phenolic acids were the most abundant class, viz. benzoic acids, and acyl quinic acid derivatives followed by flavonoids exemplified mainly by luteolin-C-glycosides and apigenin-C-glycosides. Quantification of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the total defatted methanolic extract confirmed its enrichment with phenolics and flavonoids equivalent to 138.61 ± 9.39 µg gallic acid/mg extract and 119.63 ± 4.62 µg rutin/mg extract, respectively. Moreover, the total defatted methanolic extract exhibited promising antioxidant activity confirmed through DPPH and ABTS assays with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value equivalent to 52.79 ± 2.16 µg/mL and 10.02 ± µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activity of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) was assessed using in-vitro Ellman’s colorimetric assay, the total defatted methanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions exhibited IC50 values of 52.9, 15.1 and 108.8 µg/mL that they proved the significant inhibition of AchE activity. Conclusion The results obtained herein unraveled the potential use of the total methanolic extract of Vitex pubescens bark and its polar fractions as natural candidates for controlling Alzheimer’s disease progression.

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“…Hence, the review regarding Vitex essential oils has to be done to simplify and compile the information. However, V. negundo, V. agnus castus, and V. trifolia essential oils have been subject to the recent review, which will not be repeated here (Khan et al, 2019;Haghighi et al, 2019;Niazi et al, 2019;Niroumand et al, 2018;Suchitra & Cheriyan, 2018;Agalar et al, 2016;Toplan et al, 2015;Duymus et al, 2014;Rani & Sharma, 2013). The available information about Vitex essential oils of various species was searched thoroughly via electronic search (Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) and the articles published in peer-reviewed journals were collected via library search.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils and Biological Activities of the Genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) – A Review

Zaki

Salleh

2020

Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils

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The genus Vitex which includes approximately 270 species, and is an important genus of the Lamiaceae family due to its production of secondary compounds. The plants are generally used in preventing women's complaints such as aging, menstrual, menopausal, breast disease, and infertility. The objective of this study was to carry out a review of essential oils of the genus Vitex and their biological activities. The data were collected from the scientific electronic databases including SciFinder, Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, and Google Scholar, within miscellaneous scopes of the Vitex include either medicinal uses or essential oil studies from a different region of countries. A total of nineteen Vitex species have been reported for their essential oils and biological activities. It can be observed that the major components were caryophyllene, germacrene D, limonene, cis-calamenene, 1,8-cineole, and spathulenol. Pharmacological studies indicated that the essential oil exhibited antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, acaricidal, antibiofilm, larvicidal, cytotoxic, and acetylcholinesterase activities. This review is mainly meant to provide relevant information on the phytochemical features of Vitex species, with emphasis on the essential oil, providing guidance, or the selection of accessions or species with the best chemical profiles. Nonetheless, it seems clear that more clinical evaluations are required until essential oils can be considered as possible applications in pharmacy or as adjuvants to current medications.

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The LC/ESI-MSMS Profiles and Biological Potentials of Vitex agnus castus Extracts

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Chemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Extracts and Fractions of Vitex negundo

Chemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Extracts and Fractions of Vitex negundo

Metabolic profiling of Vitex Pubescens Vahl bark via UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS/MS analysis and evaluation of its antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities

Essential Oils and Biological Activities of the Genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) – A Review

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