The Layers of Chemical Language, I: Constitution of Bodies <i>v</i>. Structure of Matter

Kim, Mi Gyung

doi:10.1177/007327539203000103

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…To its vague and ambiguous meanings we must add that this concept gradually evolved from different theoretical frameworks (van't Hoff 1905;Goupil 1991;Kim 1992). All of these features have determined the structure of the following discussion.…”

Section: The Historical Development Of Chemical Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

From Chemical Forces to Chemical Rates: A Historical/Philosophical Foundation for the Teaching of Chemical Equilibrium

Quílez

2006

Sci & Educ

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With this paper, our main aim is to contribute to the realisation of the chemical reactivity concept, tracing the historical evolution of the concept of chemical affinity that eventually supported the concept of chemical equilibrium. We will concentrate on searching for the theoretical grounds of three key chemical equilibrium ideas: 'incomplete reaction', 'reversibility' and 'dynamics'. In addition, the paper aims to promote teachers' philosophical/ historical chemical knowledge. The starting point of this historical reconstruction will be the state of the art in the construction of the first affinity tables, based on the concept of elective affinities, during the 18th century. Berthollet reworked this idea, considering that the amount of the substances involved in a reaction was a key factor accounting for the chemical forces. Guldberg and Waage attempted to measure those forces, formulating the first affinity mathematical equations. Afterwards, the first ideas providing a molecular interpretation of the macroscopic properties of equilibrium reactions are presented. Eventually, theoretical chemists integrated previous findings into a new field: thermodynamics. This historical approach may serve as a base for an appropriate sequencing of the teaching and learning of chemical equilibrium. Hence, this paper tries to go beyond the simple development of teachers' conceptions of the nature of chemistry, for it gives suggestions about how teachers may translate such understandings into classroom practice.

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Section: The Historical Development Of Chemical Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

From Chemical Forces to Chemical Rates: A Historical/Philosophical Foundation for the Teaching of Chemical Equilibrium

Quílez

2006

Sci & Educ

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“…Historians of chemistry have scrutinised the co-development of material, practical, conceptual, geographical, and linguistic shifts engendered by practitioners of chemistry and the resistance to these shifts (Crosland, 1962, p. 162;Hannaway, 1975;Anderson, 1984). At times new vocabulary and expressions became necessary to express conceptual developments in chemistry practice and theory (Kim, 1992a(Kim, , pp. 69-96, 1992b(Kim, , pp.…”

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Wordplay, world‐play, and interdisciplinary imaginations

Hayes

2021

Trans Inst British Geog

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cidate several interdisciplinary imaginative practices. It presents examples of verbal invention in the publications and rhetorical practices of three geographers, Francis Galton, John Frederick Heyes, and Halford Mackinder, which demonstrate individual words, especially neologisms and portmanteau words, can reflect concepts of space and disciplinary spaces. The paper traces perceptions of the relations between word-making and world-making via examples of re-scaling,including magnification and shrinkage of words, as well as the moving, subtraction, and addition of syllables or letters in certain words, including geography, philosophy, and geosophy. In drawing on the wordplay of these figures, it argues that portmanteau words evidence parallels between late 19th-century and early 20th-century chemical and geographical practices that have important implications for 20th-century geographies and languages of knowledge-making.geosophy, history and philosophy of geography, interdisciplinarity, language, portmanteau The power by which we thus picture to ourselves effects beyond the range of the senses is what philosophers call the Imagination … Without imagination we might have critical power, but not creative power in science. (Tyndall, 1872, p. 34) It is in this nexus of representation, words, and space (the words representing the space of representation, and in turn representing themselves in time) that the destiny of peoples is silently formed. (Foucault, 2002a, p. 123) | INTRODUCTIONAlthough imaginative practices are essentials in our historical toolkits, their processes, terminology, and expression are ill-defined. Their embodied cognitive practices, and shifting temporal and spatial definitions and implementations, remain uncritically harnessed. This paper therefore elucidates the spatio-temporalities of imaginative practices by mapping several examples of portmanteau words and wordplay conceived by geographers (

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“…Chemists habitually translated English 'atom' and French 'molecule' into each other as equivalent terms referring to the ultimate particles of bodies. 10 It was rather peculiar then that the leading French chemists chose to preserve Dalton's terminology of 'atom' alongside their native use of 'molecule'. While the leading English chemists voiced their strenuous objection to the speculative connotations of 'atom' from early on, French chemists tended to use the term largely in the practical sense of a stoichiometric unit while employing 'molecule' for speculations in molecular mechanics.…”

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The Layers of Chemical Language, II: Stabilizing Atoms and Molecules in the Practice of Organic Chemistry

Kim

1992

Hist Sci

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Atomic and molecular theories occupy a canonical status in the nineteenthcentury historiography of chemistry. The origin and transmission of Dalton's atomic theory and the 'neglect' of Avogadro's hypothesis have received disproportionate attention from historians.' Underlying much fascination with the theories in the beginning was the assumption that Dalton and Avogadro constitute the unequivocal authors of the present-day ontology of the atom and the molecule. Historians have made important advances in the meantime by characterizing chemical atomism as a set of practices and conventions irreducible to a simple ontology. They have shown that chemists, in their uses of Dalton's theory, consistently and sharply differentiated between the law of constant and multiple proportions and the hypothesis of ontological atoms.? If Dalton's theory had a core, it consisted for the contemporary chemists not in the ontology of atoms, but in the method of calculating relative atomic weights from stoichiometric measurements, or in Dalton's "calculating system".' Likewise, the Avogadro scholarship has travelled a long distance from the earlier whiggish claim that nineteenth-century chemists could have avoided such a havoc if only they had adopted Avogadro's hypothesis earlier.Fisher even asserts that "what needs explanation is not why the hypothesis was ignored, but why a few eccentrics accepted it".' Despite these advances, historians have not yet questioned the stability of Dalton's and Avogadro's theories. To be sure, many historians have acknowledged the historicity of the concepts of the atom and the molecule -that Dalton's 'atom' and Avogadro's 'molecule' were not our atom and molecule. Nevertheless, they have not explored the variability of their meanings in usage. Rocke, for example, provides a useful definition of the nineteenth-century chemical atomism that "there exists for each element a unique 'atomic weight', a chemically indivisible unit, that enters into combination with similar units of other elements in small integral multiples". His definition "avoids all reference to the ultimate structure of matter" and anchors it in the stoichiometric laws, quite true to the nineteenth-century use of tatorn'.' He still assumes, however, that chemical atomism consisted of assigning the relative weights of chemical

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The Layers of Chemical Language, I: Constitution of Bodies v. Structure of Matter

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

From Chemical Forces to Chemical Rates: A Historical/Philosophical Foundation for the Teaching of Chemical Equilibrium

From Chemical Forces to Chemical Rates: A Historical/Philosophical Foundation for the Teaching of Chemical Equilibrium

Wordplay, world‐play, and interdisciplinary imaginations

The Layers of Chemical Language, II: Stabilizing Atoms and Molecules in the Practice of Organic Chemistry

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