The Law of Confidentiality – A Solution or Part of the Problem?

Bond, TN

doi:10.4135/9781446217542.n11

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Although open-source data platforms in healthcare like Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) [109], Healthdata.gov (http://www.healthdata.gov), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data and statistics (https://www.cdc.gov/datastatistics/index.html), CMS Data Navigator (https://dnav.cms.gov/Default.aspx), etc. provide different formats of data including interview, bio-measures, questionnaires, etc., unlike these general datasets, therapy conversation data usually have little chance to be shared in the open-source data platforms due to the confidentiality agreement [110]. A recent scoping review indicated a delay in applying artificial intelligence for chatbots in mental health compared to chatbots in other fields like customer services [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Generative Pre-Training Model-based Therapy Chatbot for Caregivers

Wang,

Mujib,

Williams

et al. 2021

Preprint

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With the advent of off-the-shelf intelligent home products and broader internet adoption, researchers increasingly explore smart computing applications that provide easier access to health and wellness resources. AI-based systems like chatbots have the potential to provide services that could provide mental health support. However, existing therapy chatbots are often retrieval-based, requiring users to respond with a constrained set of answers, which may not be appropriate given that such pre-determined inquiries may not reflect each patient's unique circumstances. Generative-based approaches, such as the OpenAI GPT models, could allow for more dynamic conversations in therapy chatbot contexts than previous approaches. To investigate the generative-based model's potential in therapy chatbot contexts, we built a chatbot using the GPT-2 model. We fine-tuned it with 306 therapy session transcripts between family caregivers of individuals with dementia and therapists conducting Problem Solving Therapy. We then evaluated the model's pre-trained and the fine-tuned model in terms of basic qualities using three meta-information measurements: the proportion of non-word outputs, the length of response, and sentiment components. Results showed that: (1) the fine-tuned model created more non-word outputs than the pre-trained model; (2) the fine-tuned model generated outputs whose length was more similar to that of the therapists compared to the pre-trained model; (3) both the pre-trained model and fine-tuned model were likely to generate more negative and fewer positive outputs than the therapists. We discuss potential reasons for the problem, the implications, and solutions for developing therapy chatbots and call for investigations of the AI-based system application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Generative Pre-Training Model-based Therapy Chatbot for Caregivers

Wang,

Mujib,

Williams

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Par exemple, selon l'article 19 du Terrorism Act (2000), se rend coupable d'une infraction toute personne qui ne révèle pas aux autorités adéquates et dans des délais raisonnables sa conviction ou sa suspicion, ainsi que l'information sur laquelle elle se base, qu'une autre personne a commis une infraction selon les articles 15 à 18 de la loi lorsque cette conviction ou cette suspicion est fondée sur une information qui a été portée à son attention au cours d'activités professionnelles. Voir Bond (2008). nord-irlandais tend à se traduire par une agitation publique qui ne sera pas sans rappeler celle qui associe au « Club Fed » toute tentative d'assouplir des conditions carcérales. Tout comme les débats touchant aux politiques criminelles, l'enjeu de l'allocation des ressources et des charges aux ex-prisonniers politiques en Irlande du Nord demeure hautement politisé et reste un sujet émotif dans les discours publics, surtout quand il est soumis à l'examen constamment vertueux des politiciens, de l'opinion publique et des quelques rares groupes de victimes très bruyants.…”

Section: Justice Locale Allocation Des Ressources Et Des Chargesunclassified

Punition, blâme et stigmate dans une Irlande du Nord post-conflit : l’expérience d’anciens prisonniers politiques

Jamieson

2012

crimino

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Le présent article examine la relation entre la politique du blâme et le traitement des anciens prisonniers politiques dans l’Irlande du Nord post-conflit. S’appuyant sur des exemples de discrimination directe et indirecte tant dans les secteurs de l’emploi que dans l’accès aux services de santé mentale, l’article porte sur la façon dont l’opération discursive du blâme conduit à évacuer en même temps qu’à établir des culpabilités. Il soutient que l’octroi de tels blâmes a eu des conséquences matérielles très concrètes sur l’allocation des ressources, le refus de les allouer ou encore l’attribution des charges dans la communauté. L’article note aussi que la « cause des victimes » est souvent récupérée par la presse et d’autres acteurs politiques pour leurs propres intérêts, fréquemment en vue de bloquer la distribution de ressources publiques à un groupe particulier d’anciens combattants : les anciens prisonniers politiques. Il conclut en posant une série de questions au sujet du blâme, de la justice et de l’autorité morale de la victime dans un contexte de justice transitionnelle. L’article vise essentiellement à offrir quelques pistes de lecture pour comprendre la relation entre processus de blâme, stigmatisation et exclusion sociale.This paper examines the relationship between the politics of blame in post-conflict Northern Ireland and the treatment of politically motivated former prisoners. Using the examples of direct and indirect discrimination in the areas of employment and access to mental health services, the paper considers how the discursive operation of blaming produces evasions and attributions of guilt. It argues that such blaming practices have very real material consequences for the allocation or withholding of goods and burdens in the community. The paper notes also that the ‘cause of victims’ is often appropriated by the press and other political actors for their own purposes, frequently to block the provision of public goods to one particular group of ex-combatants : ex-politically motivated prisoners. It concludes by posing a series of questions about blaming, justice and the moral authority of the victim in a transitional justice context. The claim of the paper is simply to offer some starting points for understanding the relationship between processes of blame, stigma and social exclusion.El presente artículo analiza las relaciones entre la política de la culpa y el tratamiento de los ex presos políticos en la Irlanda del Norte post conflicto. Apoyándose en ejemplos de discriminación directa e indirecta tanto en el sector del empleo como en el del acceso a los servicios de salud mental, el artículo toma en cuenta la forma en que la operación discursiva de la culpa conduce a evasión al mismo tiempo que a distribuir culpas. Muestra que la distribución de culpas ha tenido consecuencias materiales concretas respecto a la asignación de recursos y a la atribución de cargas dentro de la comunidad. El articulo destaca también que la “causa de las víctimas” con frecuencia es recuperada por la prensa y...

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Expert Evidence, Ethics and the Law

Ward¹

2013

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Legal and Ethical Aspects of Sex Offender Treatment and Management

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The Law of Confidentiality – A Solution or Part of the Problem?

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

An Evaluation of Generative Pre-Training Model-based Therapy Chatbot for Caregivers

An Evaluation of Generative Pre-Training Model-based Therapy Chatbot for Caregivers

Punition, blâme et stigmate dans une Irlande du Nord post-conflit : l’expérience d’anciens prisonniers politiques

Expert Evidence, Ethics and the Law

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