The latitude hypothesis, vitamin D, and SARS-Co-V2

Hedlund, R. C.; Diamond, Trude K; Uversky, Vladimir N.

doi:10.1080/07391102.2020.1794973

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Patients' reduced mobility due to persistent COVID-19 related symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnoea may also contribute to the described alterations. The recently observed peaks in new SARS-CoV-2 infections in regions with high sunlight exposure and consequently expected abundant endogenous VITD synthesis, like Florida and California, further questions the significance of VITD on COVID-19 susceptibility and disease course, contrasting with the so-called latitude hypothesis [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19—A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry

et al. 2020

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The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health concern. Vitamin D (VITD) deficiency has been suggested to alter SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and the course of disease. Thus, we aimed to investigate associations of VITD status to disease presentation within the CovILD registry. This prospective, multicenter, observational study on long-term sequelae includes patients with COVID-19 after hospitalization or outpatients with persistent symptoms. Eight weeks after PCR confirmed diagnosis, a detailed questionnaire, a clinical examination, and laboratory testing, including VITD status, were evaluated. Furthermore, available laboratory specimens close to hospital admission were used to retrospectively analyze 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at disease onset. A total of 109 patients were included in the analysis (60% males, 40% females), aged 58 ± 14 years. Eight weeks after the onset of COVID-19, a high proportion of patients presented with impaired VITD metabolism and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. PTH concentrations were increased in patients who needed intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, while VITD levels were not significantly different between disease severity groups. Low VITD levels at disease onset or at eight-week follow-up were not related to persistent symptom burden, lung function impairment, ongoing inflammation, or more severe CT abnormalities. VITD deficiency is frequent among COVID-19 patients but not associated with disease outcomes. However, individuals with severe disease display a disturbed parathyroid-vitamin-D axis within their recovery phase. The proposed significance of VITD supplementation in the clinical management of COVID-19 remains elusive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19—A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry

et al. 2020

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“…For example, nafamostat mesylate, inhibits coronavirus entrance into human epithelial cells (EC 50 10 mM), as well as hypercoagulopathy [[ 50 ]]. There are also drugs that were shown to improve COVID-19 clinical symptoms, like convalescent plasma, corticosteroids, favipiravir, ribavirin, galidesivir, sofosbuvir, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), azithromycin, doxycycline, lopinavir, heparin, tissue plasminogen activator, stilbene, ebelsen, metformin, tocilizumab, aculizumab, interferon β and γ, interleukinin 1 inhibitors, mesenchymal stem cells, nitric oxide, cannabidiol, N-acetylcysteine, calcifediol, vitamin C and D [[ 14 , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] ]]. Up to now, the most promising one is remdesivir, which is approved for emergency use by FDA [ www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fdas-approval-veklury-remdesivir-treatment-covid-19-science-safety-and-effectiveness ], but the clinical trials are ongoing [[ 60 , 61 ]].…”

Section: Anti-oxidative Therapeutics In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating of oxidative distress in COVID-19 and methods of its prevention

Barciszewska

2021

Chemico-Biological Interactions

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The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 stimulates significant efforts and approaches to understand its global spread. Although the recent introduction of the vaccine is a crucial prophylactic step, the effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 is still undiscovered. An in-depth analysis of symptoms and clinical parameters, as well as molecular changes, is necessary to comprehend COVID-19 and propose a remedy for affected people to fight that disease. The analysis of available clinical data and SARS-CoV-2 infection markers underlined the main pathogenic process in COVID-19 is cytokine storm and inflammation. That led us to suggest that the most important pathogenic feature of SARS-CoV-2 leading to COVID-19 is oxidative stress and cellular damage stimulated by iron, a source of Fenton reaction and its product hydroxyl radical (•OH), the most reactive ROS with t 1/2 ∼10 -9 s. Therefore we suggest some scavenging agents are a reasonable choice for overcoming its toxic effect and can be regarded as a treatment for the disease on the molecular level.

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“…In fact, in Spain and Italy, there were high mortality rates due to COVID-19. One explanation for this would be that people in southern Europe, especially the elderly, avoid the intense sun, while skin pigmentation also reduces the natural synthesis of Vit-D [44]. In contrast, the highest average levels of Vit-D are found in northern Europe, due to the consumption of cod liver oil and Vit-D supplements.…”

Section: Vitamin D Status and The Covid-19 Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Skin Melanin Content, Vitamin D Deficiency and Immunity: Potential Interference for Severity of Covid-19

Islam¹

2020

FARMACIA

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Due to the strong immunomodulatory effects, vitamin D (Vit-D) may be an option in COVID-19 disease. The skin pigment melanin has the photoprotective capacity, by inhibiting the synthesis of Vit-D in human. Dark skin contains a high level of melanin, which inhibits vit-D synthesis, leading to deficiency of this vitamin in certain people worldwide. It has been reported that the angiotensin II stimulates melanogenesis process. The SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor for the entrance into the human lung epithelial cells. Therefore, there is an interconnection between the ACE2, angiotensin II, melanogenesis and Vit-D levels in our body. An upregulation of angiotensin II is inversely co-related to the Vit-D synthesis in human. Taken together, SARS-CoV-2 may rule over the peoples having high skin melanin contents and its consequence of Vit-D deficiency. This review aims to highlight a correlation between skin melanin content, Vit-D status, immunity and the potential effects on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in COVID-19 patients. As a novelty of this review, clinical trials on Vit-D aiming to fight against SARS-CoV-2 related pathological conditions or comorbidities in COVID-19 were included. The results of the analysed data showed that there is scientific evidence that a potential synergistic treatment with Vit-D could reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 deaths. Rezumat Datorită efectelor imunomodulatoare puternice, vitamina D (Vit-D) poate fi o opțiune în tratamentul COVID-19. Melanina pigmentară are capacitate fotoprotectoare, inhibând astfel sinteza de Vit-D la om. Pielea închisă la culoare conține un nivel ridicat de melanină, care inhibă sinteza Vit-D, ducând la deficitul acestei vitamine la anumite persoane din întreaga lume. S-a raportat că angiotensina II stimulează procesul de melanogeneză. SARS-CoV-2 folosește receptorul ACE2 pentru intrarea în celulele epiteliale pulmonare umane. Prin urmare, există o interconectare între nivelurile ACE2, angiotensină II, melanogeneză și Vit-D în organismul uman. Reglarea activității angiotensinei II este invers corelată cu sinteza de Vit-D la om. SARS-CoV-2 poate infecta persoanele cu nivel ridicat de melanină și deficit de Vit-D. Acest studiu teoretic își propune să evidențieze o corelație între conținutul de melanină al pielii, statusul Vit-D, imunitatea și efectele potențiale asupra prevalenței SARS-CoV-2. Ca o noutate a acestui studiu, au fost incluse date clinice referitoare la Vit-D care raportează efectele asupra infecției cu SARS-CoV-2. Rezultatele datelor analizate au arătat că există dovezi științifice pentru un potențial tratament sinergic cu Vit-D în vederea reducerii riscului de infecție cu SARS-CoV-2 și a deceselor cauzate de COVID-19.

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The latitude hypothesis, vitamin D, and SARS-Co-V2

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19—A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry

Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19—A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry

Elucidating of oxidative distress in COVID-19 and methods of its prevention

High Skin Melanin Content, Vitamin D Deficiency and Immunity: Potential Interference for Severity of Covid-19

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