The lateral hypothalamic area revisited: Neuroanatomy, body weight regulation, neuroendocrinology and metabolism

Bernardis, Lee L.; Bellinger, Larry L.

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80149-6

Cited by 234 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 435 publications

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“…The connectivity between these regions has been described to a limited extent predominantly in rats and in a few instances in humans [7, 8, 15,40,41,42]; however, this circuitry is not well described for other species. Despite the importance of a clear understanding of the interaction between these two regions of the mediobasal hypothalamus and their individual and collective impact on energy balance, progress has been limited, to a large extent, because of the close proximity of the regions in the rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific nuclei within the hypothalamus play a pivotal role in energy balance [1], especially the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) [2,3,4] and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) [5, 6]. Data obtained in rodent species [6,7,8,9] and in humans [10, 11] show some interconnectivity between these two important regulatory centres, but limited data are available for other animal species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Connectivity in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Sheep Brain

Qi¹,

Iqbal²,

Oldfield³

et al. 2007

Neuroendocrinology

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The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) are two centres regulating energy balance and food intake, but inter-connectivity of these nuclei is not well defined in non-rodent species. In this study, we performed retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry in the ovine brain with ewes receiving FluoroGold® (FG) injections into either ARC or VMN for the mapping of retrogradely labelled cells. Strong reciprocal connections were found between the two regions. The distribution of the FG labelled neurons in other regions of the hypothalamus and brain stem was also mapped. Some of the cells projecting from ARC to VMN were immunopositive for neuropeptide Y, galanin, adrenocorticotropin (marker of pro-opiomelanocortin cells) or tyrosine hydroxylase (marker of dopaminergic cells). Melanin-concentrating hormone and orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area were also found to provide input to the VMN and ARC. This observed interconnectivity between regions important for metabolic regulation and other neuroendocrine functions presumably allows coordinated functions. Input to both the ARC and VMN from other brain regions, such as brain stem cell groups, provides a further level of regulation. These data provide a substrate upon which further understanding of appetite regulation and neuroendocrine function can be derived in this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Connectivity in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Sheep Brain

Qi¹,

Iqbal²,

Oldfield³

et al. 2007

Neuroendocrinology

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“…This brain area integrates forebrain limbic and autonomic nervous system inputs and has interconnections with MPOA, amygdala, and brainstem structures (for review, see Bernardis and Bellinger, 1993). Lesions of the anterior part of the LH in rats strongly affect the occurrence of ejaculation (Kippin et al, 2004).…”

Section: Brain Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation

Giuliano

Clément

2012

Pharmacol Rev

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“…Hypothalamic nuclei play a critical role in the control of energy balance [2]. In particular, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is one of the most important brain regions involved in the regulation of food intake [3] and in the modulation of autonomic functions, including thermoregulation and energy expenditure [4], as well as in arousal mechanisms [5]. On the other hand, neurons of nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), part of the basal forebrain area known to degenerate in Alzheimer’s disease [6], are responsive to the sight of food and might be implicated in the initiation of feeding in non-human primates [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptors in Human Pituitary Gland and Brain

Psilopanagioti¹,

Papadaki²,

et al. 2008

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Background/Aims: Adiponectin and its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, constitute integral components of energy homeostatic mechanism in peripheral tissues. Recent studies have implicated adiponectin in central neural networks regulating food intake and energy expenditure. The present study aimed at investigating the possible expression and distribution of adiponectin and its receptors in human pituitary gland, hypothalamus and different brain areas. Methods: Sections of the pituitary gland, hypothalamus and adjacent basal forebrain area, cerebrum and cerebellum from 35 autopsy cases, were examined using HE, PAS-Orange G, luxol fast blue/cresyl violet stains and single and double immunohistochemistry using adiponectin, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, choline acetyltransferase, FSH, LH, TSH, GH, ACTH and prolactin-specific antibodies. Age and BMI mean values ± SD of the autopsy cases were 56 ± 18 years and 27 ± 5 kg/m², respectively. Results: Strong adiponectin expression was observed in pituitary gland. In pars distalis (PD), adiponectin localized in GH, FSH, LH and TSH-producing cells and in pars tuberalis (PT) in FSH, LH and TSH-producing cells. Strong to moderate expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 was observed in PD by the same cell types as adiponectin. No immunoreactivity for adiponectin receptors was noted in cells of PT. Intense AdipoR1 immunostaining was observed in neurons of lateral hypothalamic area and of nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). Conclusions: Adiponectin and its receptors expression in human pituitary might indicate the existence of a local system, modulating endocrine axes. Furthermore, the presence of AdipoR1 in hypothalamus and NBM suggests that adiponectin may participate in central neural signaling pathways controlling energy homeostasis and higher brain functions.

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The lateral hypothalamic area revisited: Neuroanatomy, body weight regulation, neuroendocrinology and metabolism

Cited by 234 publications

References 435 publications

Neural Connectivity in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Sheep Brain

Neural Connectivity in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of the Sheep Brain

Pharmacology for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation

Expression of Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptors in Human Pituitary Gland and Brain

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