Once upon a time, a skipper from Bremen died and was buried in a land far away from home. Nowadays, if one wants to visit his grave on the island of Unst in northern Shetland, one has to take a small gravel road across a barren moory landscape where nothing seems to live but sheep and the occasional marsh bird. At the end of the path, one reaches a secluded bay where the grey waves and the rain torture the sands of the beach, and out of the fog appears a ruined medieval chapel with a graveyard around it. Inside the roofless chapel are a number of ancient gravestones (Figure 1.1), their texts made almost unreadable by lichen that has grown over the words and centuries of rain and salty sea wind. In a corner lies a grave slab, on which one can discern, with great difficulty, the following: "Here lies the honourable Segebad Detken, citizen and merchant from Bremen, who has traded in this country for 52 years. In 1573 on August 20, he passed away in Our Lord. God have mercy on his soul". 1 Of course, the story above is embellished to mimic the feel of a nineteenthcentury Gothic novel. The purpose is to emphasise the otherness, the mysterious nature, and the physical remoteness of the North Atlantic islands, as seen from the European continent. Some of the German merchants who sailed here in the late medieval and early modern period fostered such an image of the place as well. Gories Peerse, a skipper and merchant from Hamburg, started his poem "About Iceland" ("Van Ysslandt", 1561) with the following lines: There is a land that lies Northwest in the sea, from the German lands, as they say about four hundred miles or more away Iceland is its right name. It is adventurous because of frost, rain, wind, and snow and in addition its exceptionally high mountains. There grows no grass except in the valleys. 2 1 George MacDonald, "More Shetland Tombstones", Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 69 (1934): 27-36. "HIR LIGHT DER EHRSAME / SEGEBAD DETKEN BVRGER / VND KAUFFHANDELER ZU / BREMEN [HE] HETT IN DISEN / LANDE SINE HANDELING / GEBRUCKET 52 IAHR / IST [ANNO 15..] DEN / 20 AUGUSTI SELIGHT / IN UNSEN HERN ENT / SCHLAPEN DER SEELE GODT GNEDIGH IST." MacDonald assumed that Detken died in 1573; see Appendix D. 2 "Dar licht ein Landt Nordwest yn der See, / Vam Dudtschen Lande, so men secht, / Veer hundert Myle ummetrendt efft mehr, / Ysslandt so ys syn Name recht. / Dat ys eventurlick van Frost, Regen, Windt und Schnee, / Dartho van ungehuren Bergen aver allen, / Dar wasset neen Gras sunder yn den Dalen." Wilhelm Seelmann, "Gories Peerse's Gedicht Van Island", Jahrbuch des Vereins für niederdeutsche Sprachforschung 9 (1883): 116.