The Late-Gestational Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Is Associated with Neonatal Macrosomia in Women without Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the associations between late-gestational dyslipidemia, expressed as the ratio between triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and the risk of macrosomia among nondiabetic pregnant women. Methods. In this case-control study, 171 pregnant women who delivered macrosomia newborns were recruited from a total of 1856 nondiabetic pregnant women who delivered a singleton, nonanomalous newborn. A total of 684 normal controls were one-to-four matched by age. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between the TG/HDL ratio and the neonatal body weight as well as the risk of macrosomia. Results. The maternal serum TG and TG/HDL levels were much higher in the macrosomia group, while the maternal serum HDL-C levels were much lower in the macrosomia group than those in the control group. However, the serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, maternal TG/HDL levels were positively associated with neonatal body weight. The confounding factors including maternal age, maternal height, gestational age, maternal body mass index (BMI), FPG, SBP, and neonatal sex were adjusted. A positive association between TG/HDL and neonatal body weight was still found. Moreover, the prevalence of macrosomia increased markedly in a dose-dependent manner as with maternal TG/HDL levels increased. Conclusions. Maternal serum TG/HDL levels at late gestation are positively associated with neonatal body weight and the risk of macrosomia in women without DM. Maintaining maternal lipid levels in an appropriate range is important in the context of fetal overgrowth and primary prevention of macrosomia.

Influence of Dietary Behaviors on Dyslipidemia in Pregnant Women and Its Effects on Physical Development of Fetuses and Infants: A Bidirectional Cohort Study

“…We found birth weight was affected by abnormal TG levels of pregnant women, which agreed with the results of many studies [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In our study, the median levels of TG/HDL ratio were higher in LGA newborns, which agreed with the study that found the TG/HDL ratio showed an obvious dose-dependent relationship with the occurrence of macrosomia [ 16 ]. Consistent with our result, most studies had not found relationships between maternal serum TC and LDL levels and birth weight [ 13 , 16 ].…”

“…In our study, the median levels of TG/HDL ratio were higher in LGA newborns, which agreed with the study that found the TG/HDL ratio showed an obvious dose-dependent relationship with the occurrence of macrosomia [ 16 ]. Consistent with our result, most studies had not found relationships between maternal serum TC and LDL levels and birth weight [ 13 , 16 ]. Weight in early life was highly associated with weight and quality of life in children, adolescents and adults [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Association of placental toll-like receptor 4 and fatty acid transport protein expression with neonatal weight

“…Paradoxically, multivari-ate logistic regression analysis showed that TG and HDL levels in elbow vein and umbilical cord blood were not significantly correlated with neonatal weight. Yu's report exhibited similar result that the serum TC and LDL-C levels were not significantly different of the macrosomia and control groups, but maternal TG/HDL levels were positively associated with neonatal weight [19]. However, maternal blood lipid levels during pregnancy significantly increased, and hyperlipidemia may participate in the circulation and metabolism of other nutrients, indirectly affecting the growth and development of the fetus [20].…”

Relación entre el índice de masa corporal y el nivel de los ácidos grasos circulantes maternos como predictores de la presencia de la macrosomía fetal

“…Numerosos trabajos indican que los niveles de TG maternos sirven como predictores de la presencia de macrosomía, incluso en pacientes sin DM gestacional [31][32][33][34][35] , mientras que no sucede lo mismo con el colesterol. Recientemente, un trabajo reportó que la relación TG/colesterol total aumentada sería un condicionante para el desarrollo de macrosomía 36 .…”