The Last Line Effect

Abstract

Abstract-Micro-clones are tiny duplicated pieces of code; they typically comprise only a few statements or lines. In this paper, we expose the "last line effect," the phenomenon that the last line or statement in a micro-clone is much more likely to contain an error than the previous lines or statements. We do this by analyzing 208 open source projects and reporting on 202 faulty micro-clones.

Model clone detection for rule-based model transformation languages

“…Micro-clones are pattern duplications within the same rule. In the case of code clones, an eect has been observed that the last in a set of micro-clones is particularly prone to errors [33]. Internal clones, as exemplied in our running example, extend to multiple rules within the same The reuse mechanisms found in transformation languages [8] correspond to these scopes.…”