The last common ancestor of Sarcolaenaceae and Asian dipterocarp trees was ectomycorrhizal before the India–Madagascar separation, about 88 million years ago

Ducousso, Marc; Béna, Gilles; Bourgeois, Carine; Buyck, Bernard; Eyssartier, Guillaume; Vincelette, Manon; Rabévohitra, Raymond; Randrihasipara, Laurent; Dreyfus, B; Prin, Yves

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.02032.x

Cited by 99 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, a dated phylogeny has been used to corroborate the hypothesis that Crypteroniaceae rafted northward on India to colonize Asia (Conti et al 2002). This scenario is also suggested for Dipterocarpaceae (Ashton & Gunatilleke 1987), and the topology of molecular phylogenetic trees is consistent with it (Ducousso et al 2004), but given the prevalence of longdistance dispersal in other groups, this scenario must be tested by dating these phylogenies. Similarly, Mark Chase (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) pointed out during a discussion at the meeting that molecular phylogenetic trees of Orchidaceae (e.g.…”

Section: Studies Of Major Families and Life Forms: Long-distance Dispmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction and synthesis: plant phylogeny and the origin of major biomes

Pennington

Cronk

Richardson³

2004

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Phylogenetic trees based upon DNA sequence data, when calibrated with a dimension of time, allow inference of: (i) the pattern of accumulation of lineages through time; (ii) the time of origin of monophyletic groups; (iii) when lineages arrived in different geographical areas; (iv) the time of origin of biome-specific morphologies. This gives a powerful new view of the history of biomes that in many cases is not provided by the incomplete plant fossil record. Dated plant phylogenies for angiosperm families such as Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Melastomataceae sensu stricto, Annonaceae and Rhamnaceae indicate that long-distance, transoceanic dispersal has played an important role in shaping their distributions, and that this can obscure any effect of tectonic history, previously assumed to have been the major cause of their biogeographic patterns. Dispersal from other continents has also been i mportant in the assembly of the Amazonian rainforest flora and the Australian flora. Comparison of dated biogeographic patterns of plants and animals suggests that recent long-distance dispersal might be more prevalent in plants, which has major implications for community assembly and coevolution. Dated plant phylogenies also reveal the role of past environmental changes on the evolution of lineages in species-rich biomes, and show that recent Plio-Pleistocene diversification has contributed substantially to their current species richness. Because of the critical role of fossils and morphological characters in assigning ages to nodes in phylogenetic trees, future studies must include careful morphological consideration of fossils and their extant relatives in a phylogenetic context. Ideal study systems will be based upon DNA sequence data from multiple loci and multiple fossil calibrations. This allows cross-validation both of age estimates from different loci, and from different fossil calibrations. For a more complete view of biome history, future studies should emphasize full taxon sampling in ecologically important groups, and should focus on geographical areas for which few species-level phylogenies are available, such as tropical Africa and Asia. These studies are urgent because understanding the history of biomes can both inform conservation decisions, and help predict the effects of future environmental changes at a time when biodiversity is being impacted on an unprecedented scale.

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Section: Studies Of Major Families and Life Forms: Long-distance Dispmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction and synthesis: plant phylogeny and the origin of major biomes

Pennington

Cronk

Richardson³

2004

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…Most of the families listed in Table 1 are well known EM hosts, but designation of EM hosts becomes more complex when variation occurs within large families such as the Fabaceae and Myrtaceae where numbers of EM species are most uncertain. The Sarcolaenaceae (the sister group to the Dipterocarpaceae and Cistaceae) and the Asteropeiaceae are new EM families that have been recently discovered (Ducousso et al 2004(Ducousso et al , 2008. Table 1 is based on the data summary discussed above and Brundrett 1991;Molina et al 1992;Allsopp and Stock 1993;Schreiner and Koide 1993;Cripps and Eddington 2005).…”

Section: Ectomycorrhizal Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal associations and other means of nutrition of vascular plants: understanding the global diversity of host plants by resolving conflicting information and developing reliable means of diagnosis

2009

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A comprehensive appraisal of the mycorrhizal literature provides data for 336 plant families representing 99% of flowering plants, with regard to mycorrhizas and other nutritional adaptations. In total, arbuscular (AM), orchid, ectomycorrhizas (EM) and ericoid mycorrhizas and nonmycorrhizal (NM) roots occur in 74%, 9%, 2%, 1% and 6% of Angiosperm species respectively. Many families of NM plants have alternative nutritional strategies such as parasitism, carnivory, or cluster roots. The remaining angiosperms (8%) belong to families reported to have both AM and NM species. These are designated as NM-AM families here and tend to occur in habitats considered non-conducive to mycorrhizal fungi, such as epiphytic, aquatic, extremely cold, dry, disturbed, or saline habitats. Estimated numbers of species in each category of mycorrhizas is presented with lists of NM and EM families. Evolutionary trends are also summarised by providing data on all clades and orders of flowering and non-flowering vascular plants on a global scale. A case study of Western Australian plants revealed that plants with specialised nutritional modes such as carnivory, cluster roots, or EM were much more diverse in this ancient landscape with infertile soils than elsewhere. Detailed information on the mycorrhizal diversity of plants presented here is linked to a website (mycorrhizas.info) to allow data to remain current. Over a century of research effort has resulted in data on mycorrhizal associations of >10,000 plant species that are of great value, but also somewhat of a liability due to conflicting information about some families and genera. It is likely that these conflicts result in part from misdiagnosis of mycorrhizal associations resulting from a lack of standardisation in criteria used to define them. Families that contain both NM and AM species provide a second major source of inconsistency, but even when these are excluded there is a ∼10% apparent error rate in published lists of mycorrhizal plants. Arbuscules are linked to AM misdiagnosis since they are used less often than vesicles to recognise AM associations in roots and apparently occur sporadically in NM plants. Key issues with the diagnosis of mycorrhizal plants are discussed using the Cyperaceae as a case study. Detailed protocols designed to consistently distinguish AM from endophytic Glomeromycotan Fungus Colonisation (GFC) are provided. This review aims to stimulate debate and provide advice to researchers delving into root biology.

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“…Despite earlier views that dipterocarp forests of Southeast Asia developed in the Miocene (49, 50)-indeed, the oldest dipterocarp pollen from India is Miocene-the large volume of dammar-type resin and anatomy of the wood in the Cambay Shale reveals an age of Dipterocarpaceae more than twice that commonly held. Molecular phylogeny of the family indicates that subfamilies Pakarimoidea (1 species, South America) and Montoideae (1 species from Colombia, 34 species from Africa and Madagascar) are sister groups to the Dipterocarpoideae (51), although reanalysis of those data indicates that the Malagasy family Sarcolaenaceae is actually most closely related to this last subfamily (52). Either way, a gondwanan origin of Asian dipterocarps is strongly supported (also indicative of a pre-Neogene age of the family), but the Laurasian affinities of arthropods in Cambay amber attest to a disparate biogeographic heritage of this dominant ecosystem.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic and evolutionary implications of a diverse paleobiota in amber from the early Eocene of India

Rust

Singh²,

Rana

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

196

175

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For nearly 100 million years, the India subcontinent drifted from Gondwana until its collision with Asia some 50 Ma, during which time the landmass presumably evolved a highly endemic biota. Recent excavations of rich outcrops of 50–52-million-year-old amber with diverse inclusions from the Cambay Shale of Gujarat, western India address this issue. Cambay amber occurs in lignitic and muddy sediments concentrated by near-shore chenier systems; its chemistry and the anatomy of associated fossil wood indicates a definitive source of Dipterocarpaceae. The amber is very partially polymerized and readily dissolves in organic solvents, thus allowing extraction of whole insects whose cuticle retains microscopic fidelity. Fourteen orders and more than 55 families and 100 species of arthropod inclusions have been discovered thus far, which have affinities to taxa from the Eocene of northern Europe, to the Recent of Australasia, and the Miocene to Recent of tropical America. Thus, India just prior to or immediately following contact shows little biological insularity. A significant diversity of eusocial insects are fossilized, including corbiculate bees, rhinotermitid termites, and modern subfamilies of ants (Formicidae), groups that apparently radiated during the contemporaneous Early Eocene Climatic Optimum or just prior to it during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Cambay amber preserves a uniquely diverse and early biota of a modern-type of broad-leaf tropical forest, revealing 50 Ma of stasis and change in biological communities of the dipterocarp primary forests that dominate southeastern Asia today.

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The last common ancestor of Sarcolaenaceae and Asian dipterocarp trees was ectomycorrhizal before the India–Madagascar separation, about 88 million years ago

Cited by 99 publications

References 28 publications

Introduction and synthesis: plant phylogeny and the origin of major biomes

Introduction and synthesis: plant phylogeny and the origin of major biomes

Mycorrhizal associations and other means of nutrition of vascular plants: understanding the global diversity of host plants by resolving conflicting information and developing reliable means of diagnosis

Biogeographic and evolutionary implications of a diverse paleobiota in amber from the early Eocene of India

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